VESTNIK 4(4) 2015
- Title:
- VESTNIK 4(4) 2015
- Number:
- 4
- Year:
- 2015
- Date publication on the site:
- 2016-03-24 11:14:33
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 19
CATECHISTS IN ZEMSKY SCHOOLS OF THE MARI REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIXTH – EARLY XXTH CENTURIES
UDC: УДК 37.011.31-051:373.5:271.21(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Irina Vitalevna Almeteva ;
The article discusses the history and the development of primary education in the Mari region in the second half of the XIXth – early XXth centuries, which included secular and religious schools. In all types of pre-revolutionary schools catechist was the first guiding person in religious and moral education of students. It was he who taught one of the main subjects – the Law of God. This subject was very
important in the framework of the Christianization of indigenous population on the territory of our
region. The teaching of the Law of God had some negative moments. Catechists often showed formalism and negligence in teaching the lessons of the Law of God. However, archival documents and published
materials contain a lot of evidence about the catechists that adequately performed the duty of the religious education of pupils and stood at the height of his vocation. This work examines the position of catechists and their work in the zemsky schools, which prevailed in the Mari region at the relevant time.
REPRESENTATION OF ETHNOCULTURAL SPACE OF THE MARI PEOPLE IN THE SOVIET FINE ARTS OF THE 1950–80'S
UDC: УДК 39:008:75(=511.1)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Elvira Mazitovna Kolcheva ;
The article deals with the fine art of the Mari Republic at the Soviet time of the 1950–80's as a stage
in the formation of the professional ethnonational art of the Mari people. The method of analysis has been earlier developed and tested by the author. The model of ethnocultural space includes the levels of imaginary (value-mythological), geographical, social spaces, and the culture subject one. The cultural space is represented through the images created by the artists. These images are the reflection of the basic ethno-cultural archetypes (a Tree, a Mountain, a River, a House, etc.), and gender archetypes. The paintings, investigated in the study, suggest that the ethnocultural space of the Mari people in the fine art of 1950–80's is represented closely with the Soviet ideology, nevertheless, the reflection of ethnic and cultural foundations of the Mari people can be observed. The geographical space is marked as an ethnic one through the depiction of the people in the landscape. Cultural archetypes are the typical images of the landscape. The ethnic group’s social space is associated with the rural communities of collective and state farms. Modernization is emphasized. The appearance of the ethnic group’s urban culture is
settled. The family is viewed as a national unit of the Soviet society. The traditional material culture
is reflected in the still lives awakening the “in rem code” of ethnic culture. The artists’ considerable attention is drawn to the folk musical instruments, symbolizing the people’s soul. A male archetype
is mainly represented in the portraits of cultural figures and scholars. A female archetype is embodied in the types of a collective farm worker and a national actress. The imaginary (value-mythological) space doing the fusion of the traditional mentality and Soviet ideology has given birth to a new genre form of the Mari art being the image of the Mari land. A considerable attention is paid to folklore,
a monumental image of the archetypal hero-protector is observed. By the end of the Soviet period the
prerequisites of the next neo-mythological stage of ethno-national fine art have manifested themselves in the creative works of the artists of austere style and neo-romantics (S. F. Podmarev, I. M. Yamberdov).
GIOVANNI BELZONI’S LIFE PATH
UDC: УДК 340(075.3)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Margarita Leonidovna Lebedeva ; Genrietta Sergeevna Zimnyukova ;
The subject of research is the way of life of the Italian traveler Giovanni Battista Belzoni. The object of research are the main milestones of Belzoni’s rise, designating his main purpose in life, namely - to travel. Awareness of the importance of the most careful excavation of Egyptian antiquities, its proper storage, recording and publications comes together with an awareness of history. Particular attention is paid to the importance of Belzoni’s contribution to the development of the Egyptian archeology. Comprehensive study of all aspects of life, travel, ethnographic materials collected Belzoni, helped to highlight the uniqueness of the Egyptian culture, the most ancient eastern civilization, which is still of interest to
historians, egyptologists, archaeologists and experts of other fields of knowledge.
PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN FIRST WORLD WAR CAPTIVITY IN THE CONTEMPORARY HISTORIOGRAPHY
UDC: УДК 940.3:303.446.4
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Grigory Sergeevich Morozov ;
The article is devoted to the study of modern historiography of Russian captivity during the First World War. The urgency of the problem has increased in connection with the 100th anniversary of this global event and the emergence of new areas of scientific historical research. This problem did not have a comprehensive analysis and objective evaluation in the Soviet historiography, as it was closely linked to the theme of the October Revolution and the Civil War. The purpose of this article is to identify the main trends in modern Russian historiography on the issue of Russian captivity. The sources were the works of Russian historians, published in 2010–2015 in journals of jubilee conferences, as well as in Russian periodicals. Particular
attention is paid to the works of I. B. Belova, E. S. Sinyavskaya, E. U. Semenova, O. V. Oleynikov,
N. V. Surzhikova, V. V. Korneev, as well as to the editions of materials of jubilee scientific conferences on this issue. The paper identified the most promising methods of research, which used Russian historians:
Military anthropology, microhistory, anthropometry. Researchers of Russian captivity discuss about the scale of the phenomenon, but in general they follow previous estimates on the number of prisoners and refugees. For the first time in the national historiography the study discussed in detail the life and conditions of
detention in Russian captivity, the attitude towards the prisoners from the local population and the particular
situation of the prisoners of Slavic origin, mainly Austro-Hungarian officers and soldiers. The attitude towards captive Slavs from the Russian government and military command are relevant and innovative theme of modern historical science. As a result, it was concluded that the works of local historians of recent years are increasingly interdisciplinary in nature and are characterized by an anthropological approach.
WORLD OF THE DEAD AS A REFLECTION OF THE WORLD LIVE IN GREEK SOCIETY IN THE ERA OF ARCHAIC AND CLASSIC
UDC: УДК 03.09.23
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Yuliya Sergeevna Obidina ;
The article deals with representations of the ancient Greeks about the afterlife and the concept
of contamination associated with death and the transition into the other world. The purpose of article is to show that the ideas of the afterlife does not change under the influence of religious attitudes and are a result of changes in the social, economic and cultural life of Greek society. The analysis of sources
allows to conclude a close relationship between life and the existence of the living dead, that is confirmed by the ancient authors – Homer, Plutarch, Demosthenes, Cicero. It is concluded that the formulation of the theoretical questions in the semantic plane promoted the formation of the Greek identity in the absence of a political, economic, cultural and religious unity of the Greeks.
DISTRICT COUNCIL ELECTIONS IN THE VYATKA PROVINCE DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
UDC: УДК 352.075:974
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Andrej Viktorovich Patrushev ;
The article deals with the events of immediate preparation for the next, but in fact the last elections to the local assembly of the Vyatka province during the First World War. The next election campaign in local government was interrupted by a number of factors, first of all, by the protracted war in the regions and
in Russia as a whole. After the events of October 1917, with the coming to power of the Bolshevik Party in the center and on the ground, the old power structure did not fit in the presentation of new owners. Russian society was tired of the war, of the political and economic problems, and lived by hopes and promises of radical and positive transformation. Society did not receive the desired victory in the Great War, it provoked food expropriation and other problems. Provincial organizations as one of the avatars of the old Russia, were not supported by the people, and were forced to go into oblivion. Zemstvos were
dissolved by order of the Soviet authorities in December 1917 – May 1918. The same happened in the Vyatka province.
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF TRADE AND PUBLIC CATERING IN THE COUNTRYSIDE OF THE MARI AUTONOMOUS SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC (1961–1965)
UDC: УДК 947.8(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Vladimir Ivanovich Rybalka ;
The article reveals the basic tendencies of trade and catering development, the elimination of certain
deficiencies, public supervisors aid in improving the culture of trade services, involvement in the trade of local resources, increase in enterprises for processing of agricultural products, strengthening of staff of regional consumer societies, introduction of progressive forms of organization and service in rural areas. In 1961–1965 the issues of trade and catering imposed 32 times on the discussion of the Mari Party Committee Office. The decisive role in determining the direction and nature of the Republic Ministry of Trade had a resolution of the CC CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers “On further development and improvement of public catering”. A lot of attention was paid to improving the trade and public catering in rural areas of the country. In just the years of the Eighth Five-Year Plan the volume of trade has increased in 1,6 times.
MAGIC OF COMMUNICATION IN FAMILY RITUALS OF THE RUSSIANS OF VOLGA REGION
UDC: УДК 39(4/9)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Nadezhda Vasil'evna Rychkova ; Guzel' Rafailovna Stolyarova ;
The presented article considers some aspects of socionormative block of traditional culture of one of the local ethno-territorial groups of the Russians – the Volga Russians. The article is based in field data obtained
in different years by participants (including the authors) of ethnographic expeditions of Kazan University in the national republics of the Middle Volga and archival sources; used also scientific and regional literature. Expedition material was collected mainly by carrying out in-depth interviews; also were used methods of observation, video fixation. There characterized in detail the main elements of the delivery ritual with the release of general and local features for the Volga Russians. The basic participants of the ritual complex, their degree of activity at different stages, use of ritual elements were identified. It is shown that magic complex actions of maternity were aimed primarily at stabilizing the family collective.
PEASANT HORSE-BREEDING IN THE MARI REGION IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES (ON THE MATERIALS OF URZHUM AND YARANSK DISTRICTS OF THE VYATKA PROVINCE)
UDC: УДК 947(470.342):636.1
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Anatolii Andreevich Solov'ev ;
The article discusses the condition and characteristics of peasant horse-breeding in Urzhum and Yaransk districts of the Vyatka province. Parts of these districts later became part of the modern Republic of Mari El. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of military-backyard horse and district census in the late XIX – early XX centuries, to measures to improve local peasant horse-breeding, to identifying the causes of the decline of peasant horse-breeding.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS IN RUSSIA IN THE YEARS OF THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY
UDC: УДК 947:31
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Olga Nikolaevna Sutyrina ;
The article is devoted to the study of the socio-demographic structure of the population of Russia on an example of the Mari Autonomous Region in the years of the New economic policy. The study gives historiographical and statistical databases, shows the examples of the typology of the social structure of the population of Russia in the 1920s. The research methodology is based on the writings of scholars and practitioners of the 1920s
(P. Sorokin, Yu. Larin, N. Kondratiev) and modern Russian and foreign researchers (S. Fitzpatrick, E. Lewis,
R. W. Davis, P. Gatrell etc.), documents of the State archive of the Republic of Mari El, statistical reports.
The study notes the impact of the First World and the Civil War in the population of the country. The article presents data of the All-Russian urban census of 1923 and the Soviet census of 1926 on the Mari Autonomous region. The paper calculated coefficients of natural movement of population of the Mari Autonomous
region in 1920s. The research used a multidisciplinary approach: statistical and mathematical methods, methods of historical typology. The study makes some conclusions about dynamics in fertility and
mortality of population in the region.
HISTORY OF THE MARI REGION IN THE PICTURESQUE CANVAS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF HISTORICAL EXPOSITION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL NAMED AFTER T. EVSEEV)
UDC: УДК 75.03
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Ol'ga Anatol'evna Trebushkova ; Sergei Konstantinovich Svechnikov ;
The article is devoted to the pictorial works shown in the exhibition “Pages of history of the Mari region from ancient times to the mid – 1980s” of the National Museum of the Republic of Mari El. The report examines the works by A. S. Pushkov, G. A. Medvedev, G. M. Osokin, V. M. Kozmin, P. T. Gorbuntsov, I. A. Mikhaylin,
B. I. Osipov, P. S. Dobrynin. The paintings not only have an indisputable artistic value, but also fit perfectly into the overall concept of historical exposition, contribute to the preservation and retransmission of historical and cultural traditions of the peoples of the Republic of Mari El. Many of these works are documented in the literal sense of the word, as they were established by witnesses in the course of direct observation of displayed reality.
PROCEDURAL CONSEQUENCES OF FILING SEVERAL CLAIMS TO THE SAME DEFEDANT
UDC: УДК 347.922
Section: LAW
Authors: Andrey Fedorovich Baculin ; Аnna Vyacheslavovna Kuzmina ;
The statement of claim can contain several claims to the same defendant. However, the plaintiffs make significant mistakes while defining the subject matter of the claim and joining different ways of protecting the violated subjective right. Proving is often exercised inadequately and contradictory, legal reasoning is limited by the common references to the legal norms. The article highlights the problematic issues of arbitration case law practice connected with filing several claims to the same defendant. The authors make recommendations on their resolution and application as well as give examples of correct ways of joining claims. On the contrary, same-name contracts don't create similar interconnected claims. The dispute arising from one contract must be resolved within the framework of one case. The commercial court may single out one or several interconnected claims for consideration in a separate procedure on its own initiative or upon the motion of a party to the case, if it deems separate consideration of the claims complying with the aims of efficient justice. For considering several similar cases jointly with the aims of providing efficient justice and preventing risks of delivery of contradictory judicial acts several similar cases can be joint in a single procedure. As one of the conditions for joining cases the law mentions their similarity, i. e. the claims must be interconnected, due to the grounds of their origin or to the evidence presented. Moreover, one and the same party can be not only the plaintiff on one or several joint claims, but also a defendant on other claims which are to be joined. The case is to be considered from the stage of preparing a case for judicial proceedings.
LIMITATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS AS THE FAMILY LAW INSTITUTE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UDC: УДК 347.634
Section: LAW
Authors: Evgeniy Petrovich Burdo ;
One of the major problems, which is most acute in our country, is the problem of upbringing and maintenance of children. Unfortunately, in Russia there is a so-called “social orphans” – children left without parental care, who cannot be counted among the ranks of biological orphans. These children acquire such status although their parents are alive. Basically, this is due to neglecting attitude of parents to their duties. Public attention is most of all attracted by the following questions. How to prevent a dynamic improvement of the situation of children in the family? What measures might contribute to the proper execution of their parental rights and responsibilities?
SPECIFICITY OF THE LAW SUBJECT RIGHT OF USE OF A TRADE NAME
UDC: УДК 347.77.023
Section: LAW
Authors: Maksim Anatol'evich Verkholetov ;
In this paper, the author examines the problems about the specificity of the law subject right of use of a trade name. The specificity of the owner of a trade name is that no everyone can use a trade name, but only person or company, which has a valid right to be engaged in commercial activities. In this regard, unsuccessful Article 1539 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation needs to be changed, and also the whole approach to the transfer of the exclusive right of the third person to a commercial designation.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTERACTION OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES WITH PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS
UDC: УДК 342.553
Section: LAW
Authors: Roman Vadimovich Gornev ;
The author discusses some problematic aspects of constitutional and legal regulation of interaction of bodies of local self-government and public associations. In particular, the author analyzes in detail the current national norms of the Constitution governing the mechanism of interaction between local
authorities and public associations. During the research the author comes to the conclusion that there was insufficient regulation of these issues at the level of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the author, it prevents the formation of a complete and comprehensive legal framework at the level of the whole Russia, enshrining the mechanism and forms of interaction between local
authorities and public associations. As a result of research the author makes some theoretical conclu-sions and practical proposal to consolidate standards at the level of the Russian Constitution. This rule will regulate bases of interaction of local authorities and public associations.
SOME ASPECTS OF COMMERCIALIZATION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS FOR COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONS OF LEGAL STANDARDS CONSTITUTIONALITY
UDC: УДК 004.45
Section: LAW
Authors: Zarina Kamilevna Kondratenko; Il'ja Borisovich Kondratenko;
The article discusses the placing on the market of computer systems for collection and analysis of conditions to ensure the constitutionality of the law. This system allows to reduce the time spent in conducting legal
research, to obtain important results, which have scientific novelty, aimed at improving the Russian legislation. The aim is the creation and implementation on the market of computer systems for collection and analysis of conditions of legal standards constitutionality necessary for conducting legal research. The study shows the following results of the creation of computer systems for collection and analysis of conditions of legal standards constitutionality and its implementation: 1) creation of the base of normative legal acts and judiciary acts (the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation decisions); 2) the results of the legal research carried out with the help of this system will have a scientific and applied nature and will formulate proposals for the
improvement of the Russian legislation and practice; 3) based on the profiles of registered participants, it is possible to create online scientific community to conduct scientific conferences and seminars, training courses.
CONCEPT AND ESSENCE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AS A LEGAL CATEGORY
UDC: УДК 340.13,342
Section: LAW
Authors: Nikolaj Ivanovich Petrenko ; Vladimir Nikolaevich Sapozhnikov ;
The article investigates the concept and essence of constitutional law as a legal category, the appointment of the Federal Constitutional Law in the legislation of the Russian Federation and its place in the hierarchy of rules of law, the relationship of federal constitutional laws with the constitution and other legal acts. The article defines the specific features and characteristics of the federal constitutional laws. The study discusses the features of the use of constitutional law at the federal level and at the level of the republics within the Russian Federation, notes differences in the appointment of federal constitutional laws at the federal level and the appointment of the Federal Constitutional Law on the level of the Federation of the number of
republics within the Russian Federation. The article also aims at setting the consideration of problems associated with the uncertainty of the category of constitutional law in the Russian Federation, considering the lack of a clear definition, the contradictions in the interpretation of the limits of use of inconsistency in law enforcement.
GENESIS OF THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
UDC: УДК 341.9
Section: LAW
Authors: Ol'ga Leonidovna SHabalina ; Gleb Jur'evich Shabalin ;
The article deals with the realization of the right to education, the protection of children's rights and non-discrimination in the field of educational relations in the context of international law. The research
provides an analysis and the chronology of securing of the right to education in international law.
An important role in the international legal regulation of the right to education belongs to the block of international conventions aimed at preventing discrimination, including in education. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the Declaration of Rights of the Child of 1959, the Convention against Discrimination in Education of 1960 laid the foundation for international legal regulation of the right to education in the field of human rights, children's rights and combating discrimination.
Securing the right to education in international law begins in the middle of the XX century. Currently, the implementation of the right to education, the protection of children's rights and non-discrimination in the field of educational relations is widely regulated by international law. All this ensures the
embodiment of these positive provisions in the national legislation of most countries.
INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION
UDC: УДК 342.4
Section: LAW
Authors: Andrej Vladimirovich Shvecov ;
The article analyzes the mechanisms and methods for coordinated action by States in the fight against corruption. In particular, much attention is paid to the United Nations Convention against Corruption. It is important to conclude the transnational nature of contemporary corruption and the need to fight with him the efforts of all States. There are instances when the actions aimed at reducing corruption, have led to significant advances in such countries as Singapore, Hong Kong and Sweden. This clearly speaks in favor of the fact that the methods of combating corruption exist. Every two years, the world powers – the United Nations Convention participants meet at conferences to review and discuss ways to improve the fight against global bribery. UN and conferences are best and most promising platform for international anti-corruption cooperation and dialogue. The result of such activities are the decisions necessary for the continued functioning of the UN anti-corruption mechanism.