Current issue
- Title:
- VESTNIK 3 (39) 2024
- Number:
- 3
- Year:
- 2024
- Date publication on the site:
- 2024-11-25 09:03:53
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 8
NATO's information impact against Libya at the initial stage of the 2011 aggression
UDC: 94/94
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Alim M. Abidulin; Mikhail V. Dronov ;
The article is devoted to the information impact in the aspect of the initial stage of NATO's hybrid war against Libya. The initial stage is described, the main goal of which was to demonstrate to the world community and the population of Libya the rejection and illegality of the actions of the Libyan government and personally M. Gaddafi. And the next period of the information war taking place against the background of the counteroffensive of forces loyal to the Libyan leader, in which the media deliberately published reports that shifted attention from facts to messages that caused negative emotions. The article analyzes the systemic actions of the anti-Libyan coalition in working in Libyan social networks, through which the organization and coordination of protests were carried out, as well as public opinion in the world and among Libyan citizens was formed. Fabricated materials of the world's leading media about false reprisals by government forces against the opposition are analyzed. Systemic actions to prevent the emergence of alternative opinions in the media that testified to large-scale falsifications are shown. The destruction of Libya's information infrastructure and the simultaneous deployment of their own media outlets on the territory controlled by the opposition, which were fully organized and controlled by members of the anti-Libyan coalition, are also analyzed. New forms of mind manipulation are described in detail, through which critical perception of information was suppressed and conditions for uncritical perception were created. This made it difficult to independently analyze and was the goal of increasing the controllability of events. Conclusions are presented on the results of the information impact of the anti-Libyan coalition.
Bashkiria's radio and press during the Great Patriotic War (1941‒1945)
UDC: 9.908
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Ksenia R. Gabbasova;
During the Great Patriotic War, the party and state bodies paid increased attention to notifying the population with timely information about the situation at the front, in the rear and the international situation in the world. Agitation, propaganda and ideological work with the population has acquired a special role in order to form patriotism, high citizenship, devotion to the Motherland, hatred of the enemy and self-sacrifice. The tasks assigned were primarily assigned to such mass media as radio and periodicals. Purpose: to study the content and forms of activity of the Republican Radio Committee and the periodical press in the territory of the BASSR during the Great Patriotic War (1941‒1945). The main historical sources in the research process were written materials of the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan: memos, certificates, reports, information on the work of the Republican radio committee and newspaper editorial offices and magazines, transcripts of meetings of party and state bodies. In the course of the research, problems and difficulties in the work of radio, newspapers and magazines related primarily to wartime conditions were identified. The content and forms of work of the mass media have undergone significant changes. The information provided was subjected to a thorough censorship check necessary in war conditions. Radio and the press performed informational, ideological, propaganda and cultural functions.
Instructing (“live” communication) of grassroots authorities of the Komi Autonomous Region in the 1920s.
UDC: 930.2:352(470.13)"192"
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Vladislav N. Karakchiev;
Working to improve the quality of government activities is the most important task for the effective development of the management system in the country. In the 1920s, the higher authorities of the Komi Autonomous Region interacted with the lower ones in four forms, namely telephone, telegraph, postal and “live”. Field visits by instructors contributed to the prompt identification of current problems in government departments and improved the quality of work of local authorities. Purpose: to study the most important aspects and practical application of instructing the lower authorities of the Komi Autonomous Region in the 1920s. The article uses literature and archival sources to study the basics of “live” interaction between authorities in the region. The work uses general scientific research methods (analysis, comparison, description). The basic principles of instructing volost executive committees and village councils of the Komi Autonomous Region are set out in documents and materials of governing bodies. The authorities, due to the identified unsatisfactory work on the ground, have recognized it as necessary to organize regular briefings for the volost executive committees to familiarize themselves with all orders of the highest bodies of Soviet power, as well as to identify shortcomings and eliminate emerging issues. The instructors helped eliminate shortcomings, jointly drew up a work plan, organized meetings, and prepared inspection reports with conclusions. Voluntary executive committees and village councils had to use the instructions of higher authorities as guiding material. In turn, employees of the volost executive committees should periodically instruct the apparatus of the village councils. Field visits were recognized as the most effective way of interaction between higher-level organizations (regional and county bodies, internal administration department, regional workers' and peasants' inspection, prosecutor's office, tax office, NKVD, etc.) with lower-level authorities (vost executive committees, village councils).
Participants of the policy of historical memory in modern Catalonia
UDC: 930
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Maksim V. Kirchanov;
The author in the presented article analyses the regional forms and features of the current model of historical politics in modern Spain in the context of memorial cultures of the Autonomous Communities using the example of Catalonia. The purpose of the study is to analyse the contemporary politics of memory in Catalonia in the early 2020s. The author analyses the role and place of regional intellectual communities and political elites as the main participants in the genesis of memory and the functioning of memorial culture and collective historical memory in modern social, ideological and political discourses of Spain at the regional level. The novelty of the research lies in the study of the current (modern) stage in the development of the historical policy of Spanish society at the level of Catalonia in the context of an objective lack of interdisciplinary research, focused on the analysis of memorial cultures and historical policies of minority groups and nationalisms in the countries of Southern Europe, carried out using original sources and achievements modern interdisciplinary historiography, focused on the analysis of historical politics, memorial cultures and historical collective memories. The article shows that 1) intellectual communities of Catalonia are systemic segments of modern society that make a significant contribution to the development and transformation of memorial culture, 2) the range of memorial practices of Catalan intellectuals is limited primarily by their participation in strengthening civic and ethnic identity, 3) memorial practices of Catalonia are interconnected with the development of civil discourse at the regional level and the rethinking of the historical experience of the twentieth century through the prism of the ideology of minority nationalisms. It is assumed that the participation of regional intellectuals in memorial policy actualizes the political, ideological and ethnic heterogeneity of society.
Some aspects of the development of rhetorical education in Antioch under the emperors Julian II and Valentine II
UDC: 94
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Margarita L. Radchenko;
The assessment of the development of rhetorical education, as well as the role of rhetorical schools, allowing the development of this direction in all territories controlled by the Roman Empire, is a relevant direction developing in foreign historiography, starting from the 19th century to the present. Rhetorical schools in the East had various kinds of characteristic popularity and their own set of incoming students. One of the strong schools in terms of teaching rhetoric was the school of Libanius in Antioch. The popularity of rhetorical schools, in particular the Antiochian one, was influenced by a number of factors, one of which was the location and support of the rhetorician by the official authorities. The article notes the dependence of the growth of the popularity of the rhetorical school and the location shown by Emperor Julian II to the head of the school Libanius. An assessment is given of the influence of the change in the vector of religious policy in the empire during the period of Late Antiquity on the development of rhetoric in the region. In this regard, the transitional period for the rhetorical school during the reign of Emperor Jovian and the subsequent years of the accession of Valens II are actualized. In particular, despite the different worldviews of the emperors Julian and Valens, pagan and Christian, the popularity of the rhetorical school and rhetoric in general is shown to be almost identical. There is a reduction in the number of students from the regions, caused by the change of imperial power and the reduction of Libanius' influence in the imperial chancellery. But at the same time, the number of students born in Antioch remained the same, and was independent of the change in the direction of the religious policy of the Empire.
Transformation of the ethnosocial structure of the Mari population in Bashkortostan (1979‒2010)
UDC: 930
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Fail G. Safin;
The article examines the dynamics of the social structure of the Mari population in Bashkortostan. The formation of the socio-professional composition of the population in Soviet times took place in the conditions of the existence of two non–antagonistic classes – workers and collective farmers, as well as a stratum of employees. Within the framework of the ideological concept, the distribution of the population by social groups was built, which reflected the professional composition of the employed by sectors of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to reveal the ethnosocial structure of the Mari population in the Republic of Bashkortostan from 1979 to 2010. Special attention is focused on its transformation during the formation and development of a market economy. The research is based on comparative historical and retrospective methods. The source database includes materials from the All-Union and All-Russian population censuses, as well as statistical materials studied in the archives of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Republic of Bashkortostan. It was found that more than half of the Mari population was employed in agricultural production, engaged in crop production and animal husbandry, taking into account the fact that more than half of the Mari people lived in rural areas. Despite the established nature of settlement, a certain part of it is also represented in other sectors of the economy, including those related to the latest technological processes. It was revealed that in the field of industry, Mari people were more engaged in metallurgy and machine-building, which is indirect evidence of the orientation of Mari people to urban life and the choice of professions related to urban conditions. It was found that the share of Mari people in the field of education was very high, since this is due to the functioning of schools with a significant contingent of schoolchildren in almost every Mari village. Among the employed population, mainly people of intellectual labor, a significant proportion of Mari people were represented in the field of planning and accounting. Thus, an analysis of the ethnosocial structure of the Mari population in Bashkortostan shows that a significant proportion of Mari people were represented in almost all sectors of the republic's economy.
Vyatka Province Jews history documents of the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region
UDC: 930.253+94(470.342)"18/19"
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Anna M. Subbotina;
The article is devoted to the study of documents from the funds of the Office of the Vyatka Governor and the Vyatka Provincial Government of the Central State Archive of the Kirov Region as sources on the Vyatka Province Jews history in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries. This is the first study in which the author summarizes the experience of the Jewish population living in the region during a difficult period for interethnic relations in Russia's past and how this experience is presented in documents. The author concludes that the governor and the provincial government played an important role in the management of Jews. Thanks to this, numerous and diverse materials have appeared in the studied archive funds. These documents sometimes complement or duplicate each other. Legislative acts, circulars of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, quantitative statements and personal lists, journals and resolutions of the general presence of the provincial government, reports of county police officers, protocols of inspection of residential premises, cases on the right of residence form the source basis of the study. The author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the documents and says that they reflect such aspects as the gradual formation of the Jewish population of the province, its quantitative and professional composition, legal and confessional status, relations with the local administration, state authorities and residents in different years. Military personnel, exiles and voluntary migrants lived in Vyatka Province, including artisans, doctors, pharmacists, etc. Changes in the course of state policy had a strong impact on the situation of the Jews of the region, contributing to its quantitative growth or reduction due to eviction.
Is the institution of public control in Russia a form of constructive social protest: towards the formulation of the problem
UDC: 342
Section: LAW
Authors: Vitaly V. Goncharov; Viktor V. Nagaytsev; Elena G. Petrenko; Elena V. Pustovalova;
This article is devoted to the analysis of the place and role of the institute of public control in the Russian Federation in the system of forms of social protest. The work explores various forms of social protest, and their author's classification is carried out and justified. The author explores various points of view in scientific and educational literature on the place and role of public control in the system of forms of social protest. The analysis of the international legal foundations of the legal regulation of constructive forms of social protest, as well as the attitude of Russian legislation to constructive and destructive forms of social protest, is carried out. The paper analyzes the influence of the institute of public control on various forms of social protest. The article substantiates the author's point of view that the institute of public control in Russia can be attributed to forms of constructive social protest, but at the same time this institution of civil society acts as a tool for preventing and preventing the formation and implementation of destructive forms of social protest in society. The paper formalizes and explores the main problems hindering the development of the institution of public control in the Russian Federation as a constructive form of social protest, develops and justifies a system of measures to resolve these problems, including by making amendments and additions to both the Constitution of the country and the current legislation.