VESTNIK 3(11) 2017
- Title:
- VESTNIK 3(11) 2017
- Number:
- 3
- Year:
- 2017
- Date publication on the site:
- 2017-10-30 10:28:08
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 13
“BAD ENGLAND” – THE REVERSE SIDE OF THE VICTORIAN SOCIETY OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
UDC: 94(41) 185
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Valeriya A. Andrianova ; Galina V. Rokina ;
On the extensive source material, the article reveals
the “reverse side” of the brilliant Victorian society.
Poor population, flooded streets of English cities,
slums of London and Glasgow; disenfranchised
women, sick children and criminal elements were
typical of this. The article shows that intensive
urbanization, excessive taxes, increase in food prices,
rents and high cost of essential goods became a catalyst
for the growth of social tension. The historical
sources for the reconstruction of life in the so-called
“Bad England” were statistics materials, Russian
and English journalism, works of leaders of liberal
movements, English literature. It is convincingly
proved that the term “Bad England” was first introduced
by contemporaries of that era; it was used
both in the British caricature and in the writings of
the leaders of political parties. The estimation of
that epoch, given by the prime minister of England
B. Disraeli, the closest ally of Queen Victoria is
given. The author of this article reproduces many of
the features of “Bad England” from the materials of
the Fabian society, which carried out the line of
“small deeds”, as well as the writings of the leaders
of the suffrage movement. A great deal of support
was given to the Fabian society at that time among
the slum dwellers. People bought up for last money
the magazine “Economist”, widely popular in
the second half of the XIX century. The guests
of the workhouses had a hope to find a family again,
and the criminal world expected an amnesty.
The struggle for the suffrage, equality and independence
of women became slogans of suffragettes,
which was obviously perceived negatively by society. For this very reason, this organization became
for the contemporaries part of the so-called
“Bad England”. At the same time, it was the suffragettes
who became the most consistent fighters
for women's rights and the advancement of women
and children.
FIRST STATE PRISON IN THE MARI LAND
UDC: 343.81(09)(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Oleg A. Egoshin ;
This study attempts to restore part of the history
of the city of Tsarevokokshaysk (Yoshkar-Ola)
associated with the appearance of the first prison
institution of the Russian Empire in the Mari region.
This fact was undeservedly forgotten and hushed up
for a long time. The article notes that the prison and
the amanat's yard for hostages in Tsarevokokshaisk
district, as a means of isolating the criminals, appear
quite early and were built almost simultaneously
with the foundation of the city. The publication
shows how penitentiary legislation has been
gradually changed and improved, as well as
the conditions and regime of detention of detainees,
the structure and security staff in Tsarevokokshaisk
district prison. It is established that in the first
quarter of the 19th century in the city, instead of
a wooden guard with a prison, a one-story stone
prison castle with the same wall was built.
The building has been preserved and until recently
used in the Detention Unit No. 1 for its intended
purpose. It was determined that by the beginning of
the 20th century places of detention and imprisonment
in Tsarevokokshaisk were: a prisoner's room
under the police department; Tsarevokokshaisk
district house of arrest (it had four degrees of arrest
from 1 day to 3 months) and the first state prison
in the Mari region – the Uyezd prison (prison lock)
on Pokrovskaya street (now Sovetskaya street, 100).
The study suggests that today, when we often turn
to foreign experience in the issues of improving
and developing correctional institutions, the study
of personal historical and legal past is particularly
significant both theoretically and in practice.
MASS MEDIA ABOUT THE EUROPEAN MIGRATION CRISIS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
UDC: 325.11:070
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Maria V. Klopova ;
The process of globalization is accompanied by var-ious regional and international crises and conflicts. The European migration crisis is by far the most
urgent problem, which requires not only detailed
research, but also an integrated approach to the
solution. The aim of the article is to consider
the problem of the migration crisis in Europe,
in particular, the problem of media relations to this issue and the possibility of inter-operative coopera-tion. The study analyzed the characteristic features of the European migration crisis. The essence of the migration crisis is determined, as well as the direct and indirect causes of the migration crisis in Europe in modern conditions. In addition, this article identi-fies and substantiates the existing problems of
the media background that is developing around
this situation, as well as the problems of displaying the media of the migration crisis in a negative light. Based on the study, conclusions are drawn about
the emergence of international cooperation in the context of the migration crisis.
ANATOLY LUPPOV’S BALLET OEUVRE
UDC: 78.085.5(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Nina A. Makarova ;
The article is devoted to creative activity of the composer B. A. Luppov, author of the national
ballet of the Mari people. The future composer, spending his childhood in the Mari village, touched the living source of folk art. A student at the Mari Music College, then the piano faculty of the Kazan Conservatoire – so the composer's creative activity began. The graduate of the conservatory was left
to work immediately on two departments: special piano and composition. Such composers as
J. S. Evdokimov, S. N. Makov, A. V. Neznakin,
V. A. Zakharov, P. Danilov, A. K. Yashmolkin,
L. A. Novoselova were the students of B. A. Luppov. He tauhgt the future author of the second Mari Opera Elnet – I. N. Molotov. He composed the dance music for the first time for the heroic poem “The Sons of Akpars”, staged by M. P. Murashko. In 1970 the composer started to work with the most complex musical-scenic genre – ballet. It was the first national ballet “The Forest legend” directed by E. Е. Raya. The premiere of the ballet took place on February 17, 1973 and became the most significant event in the history of professional choreographic art of the Mari people of the 20th century. Such
ballets of A. B. Luppov's as “The Interrupted
holiday”, “Music history”, “Castle of Sheremet” were staged at the theater and had great success.
All the ballets by A.B. Luppov, in which the melo-dies of Mari folklore are used, are created with a deep understanding of the specifics of the ballet genre, and with love to the Mari people. The works of A. B. Luppov is the artistic treasure, it is an
invaluable contribution to the development of the national art of the Mari people.
DEATH AS AN INDICATOR OF THE EUROPEAN INDIVIDUALITY OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN TIMES
UDC: 94
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Julija S. Obidina ;
The purpose of this article is to investigate some
aspects of the medieval mentality and mentality
of the early modern age associated with death in
Europe, in particular: generally accepted beliefs,
social practices and values associated with death.
To a significant extent, the Christian religion and the church left their mark in these social practices and values, however, it was shown that there was
also a parallel tradition, besides the predominant Christian tradition. In addition to the inevitable
regional differences, there were social and mental differences. After the Reformation, the new evan-gelical churches began to form their own beliefs and customs on the basis of a common Christian back-ground, reviewing or refusing some basic principles. Particular attention is paid to the personal moment in the perception of death, which appears in the Middle Ages both within the Christian tradition
and outside it. This perception is reflected not only in mental constructions, but also in material culture, and has its own symbolic expression. It is also
noted that the realization of one's own death was
associated with the realization of one's own
individuality, as well as with the realization of
a new sense of time for a person. The new image
of death that arose in the era of the transition from the Middle Ages to the New Time, changed the
notion of man, leveling the human body to a simple object, and not “the image and likeness of God”.
In conclusion, it is noted, that death today remains the only universal truth of our being.
ESTABLISHMENT OF LIBRARY SCIENCE IN THE MARI AUTONOMOUS OBLAST DURING THE FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN (1929–1932)
UDC: 02
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Tat'yana A. Petrova ;
The aim of the study is the historical conditions of the librarianship situation in the Mari Autonomous Oblast during the first five-year plan period.
Archival and published materials, legislative acts and statistical data, as well as regulatory documents regulating the activities of libraries are used in the study. Comparative methods of research (source analysis and synthesis, generalization, system-structural analysis) are applied. The results of
the study are as follows. Characterizing 1927–1933, as the years of stabilization of the library science in the Mari Autonomous Oblast, it should be noted changes that concerned not only individual libraries, but also the entire the librarianship as a whole.
The cultural campaigns to eliminate illiteracy played a big role. The emergence of scientific libraries with the opening of institutes, the growth of specialized secondary schools, the increased attention paid to work with peasants, farm laborers during the period of collectivization and workers in the period of
industrialization helped expand the network of
libraries and change their functions. The work of
the red corners in the countryside, which fulfilled the main burden of cultural enlightenment work
in small villages, was significantly intensified.
Improvement of library services for children was noted, although the composition of book funds was depressing. The attention to work with the population on a national basis increased. The publication of books in the Mari language sharply increased. Conclusions: during this period, the basic state-party documents in the field of librarianship were adopted, including for the national regions, a five-year plan for the development of this branch in the Mari
Autonomous Oblast was adopted. The movement “A book to collective farms” began in the field, in the shop, in the brigade. Nevertheless, the state of librarianship in the regions was recognized as unsatisfactory by the government of the country: the number of stationary libraries was reduced, the library officers were low-qualified, the quality of book funds
remained unsuitable to the readers' requests, the
library's material resources were very poor, real plans were not accepted, etc. But on the whole,
it was a progress in the history of the MASSR, since the illiteracy of the population was finished, and
the library business became in demand.
DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT FOREST CRAFTS IN THE TSAREVOKOKSHAYSK COUNTY OF THE KAZAN PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIXTH – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXTH CENTURIES
UDC: 908(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Alexander A. Filonov ;
The article reveals the condition and development of peasant forest crafts in the Tsarevokokshaysk county of the Kazan province in the second half of the XIXth – the beginning of the XXth centuries. The intensification of these crafts during the period under review was caused by various reasons, including a reduction in the size of peasant land tenure, the need for timely payment of state taxes and the performance of duties, and an insufficient level of material well-being. The work of the peasants of the Tsarevokokshaysk county in the hiring of timber merchants on forest development and rafting in winter has become widespread since the middle of the XIXth century. Chemical processing and mechanical processing of wood developed at a rapid pace. Peasants were actively engaged in tar-smoking, production of charcoal and turpentine. Further development was gained by cooper's production and other crafts, production of agricultural tools, vehicles, chests, baskets, bent furniture, production of products from birch barks, etc. Peasant crafts on processing of wood were more and more involved in the commodity-money relations. Other types of forest crafts (hunting, beekeeping) were also essential help in peasant economy and one of means of payment of state taxes.
WOMEN OF THE MARI ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (1941–1945) IN THE HISTORICAL-LOCAL LITERATURE
UDC: 433
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Alina B. Filonova ;
The article gives an overview and analysis of historical local lore literature on the contribution of the female population of the Mari ASSR to the Victory during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945). The declared topic is relevant in connection with the special
significance for the country and our republic of the events of the war period. At the regional level, there are many works devoted to the question of the
participation of women in the Mari ASSR in the war. In the presented literature, the contribution
of the rear workers to the victory, the mastering of various professions, the patriotic rise of the female population, combat feats on the fronts of young girls of the Mari ASSR. It is noted that in connection with the departure of the male population to the front, all work in the rear fell on the shoulders of women, youth and the elderly. Special attention is paid in the literature to the participation of women in the socialist competition that has unfolded in the republic, examples are given of the fulfillment and over-fulfillment of the norms of labor and activity of the female population in the assembly of warm clothes for the needs of the army, and the desire of the toilers of the rear of the Mari ASSR to contribute to the Victory. The article also examines the working conditions of the female population in logging, in production, confronting them with some difficulties, and the work of women in the leading positions
of the republic. In general, the authors come to the conclusion that the women of the Mari ASSR made an undeniable contribution to the Victory over the common enemy in the face of fascist Germany.
MONGOLS IN THE XIII–XIV CENTURIES AND MONGOLIAN INVASION OF RUS
UDC: 94(517) 12/13
Section: HISTORY
Authors: M., Ph. D. Weissman; Andrei A. Iarygin ;
This article is part of a joint course of lectures
on the history of Russia that was read by Professor M. Wiseman and Professor A. Yarygin during the fall of 2016 at the history Department at the
University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, USA. The article is devoted to the history and develop-ment of the Mongol Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries, the peculiarities of the formation of the Mongol Empire, Genghis Khan's role in bringing together disparate Mongolian ulus into a single centralized state. Special attention is paid to the Mongol invasion of Rus and the relations of the Mongol Empire with the European States and the Papal Throne. The article discusses the social structure of the Mongols of that era, the main
directions of their aggressive policy, gives charac-teristic of the Mongol army and its most prominent military leaders. Considerable space was devoted to the heroic resistance of the Russian principalities for the Mongol invasion and the reasons for their defeat, which primarily is the feudal fragmentation in Rus and the lack of unity in the confrontation with the Mongols. The article also analyses the impact of the Mongol invasion on the subsequent development of the Russian state. Also
discusses the attempts of Christianization of the Mongolian Empire by the Roman Catholic Church.
PROBLEM OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION
UDC: 347.78
Section: LAW
Authors: Farit F. Gaysin ;
The article considers the problem of copyright
protection. More and more attention is paid to
intangible property. The main components of
intangible property is intellectual property, which includes such protected objects as copyright and related right, trademarks, inventions, industrial samples, selection achievements. The article says that the Internet is harmful and, simultaneously,
a useful phenomenon that is firmly established
in our lives. Users of the global web are divided
into two camps: some is looking for information, entertainment and services, others are providing this information, entertainment and services.
As for the norms that would regulate all processes on the Internet – they simply do not exist today.
As a result, infringement of copyright in the
network is a regular phenomenon, it is very difficult to combat and, sometimes, simply useless.
The article emphasizes that no state has laws on the regulation of legal relations in the Global
Network, which provides very broad opportunities for users to uncontrolled reproduction, copying
and further distribution of objects of the right.
It is practically impossible to limit the Internet to the framework of the law: initially, no one simply had any thoughts about regulating activities in
an independently developing network. Thousands of misdemeanors (slander, extremist activity, etc.) occur on the Internet today. As for copyright
infringement in the network – they almost do not differ from violations outside the virtual life:
plagiarism, illegal distribution of information
protected by copyright and so on.
SOME ISSUES OF BANK CONTRACTS CONCLUSION WITH OTHER ENTITIES WHEN MAKING LOANS
UDC: 347.4
Section: LAW
Authors: Z. K. Kondratenko ;
Introduction: the author of the article considers
topical issues of legal regulation of contractual relations of banks with other institutions when making loans. In particular, the paper raises the issue of
insurance against the risk of loan default, by which the banks ensure the performance of their borrowers' obligations under this transaction. If the borrower
refuses to insure, the bank may refuse the transaction, especially since it does not apply to public contracts. The author also investigates the question of interaction of banks and collectors providing debt collection services. The purpose of the study is to form a comprehensive scientific understanding of contractual relations of banks with other institutions when making loans, as well as to identify issues of legal regulation in this sphere. The materials and the methods of the study are general and special scientific research methods, including formal and logical methods
(hypothesis, analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction). Historical, legal, technical, cross-sectoral, comparative-legal, systemic and other special methods of scientific cognition are also used in the study.
Results: taking into account the importance of the contracts under consideration for credit relations,
in most cases, the bank is the actual consumer of services provided by loan servicing entities. In this case, the establishment of certain requirements of banks to subject composition and quality of works and services can be regarded as legitimate, despite the fact that the credit institution itself is not party to particular contractual relationships. The disadvantage is that the legislator gave the regulation of the banks themselves (the situation is allowed only with the collectors). The problems of bank lending in Russia rested in the good will of the legislator, which would officially allow banks to insure loans that would address interest rate policy of commercial banks. Thus, both creditors and borrowers would be satisfied. Discussion and Conclusions: practical significance of the research is that the results can be used for the purposes of law-making for the improvement of standards of domestic civil legislation. Separate provisions may be interpreted by judicial practice in the consideration and resolution of cases. Research proposals can also find application in the preparation of curricula, manuals and teaching courses “Civil law”, “Banking”.
PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF EQUITY CONSTRUCTION: REALITY AND PROSPECTS
UDC:
Section: LAW
Authors: Oleg I. Lashmanov ;
This article examines the gaps in legislation regu-lating the construction of apartment buildings,
in particular the contract of shared construction. For many years, share construction allows people to solve problems with housing, however, there
are also frequent cases of fraud in this area.
Unscrupulous builders often disappear with the funds of the shareholders, leaving them without money and housing. Issues of equity participation in the construction of apartment buildings have great social significance. Despite numerous attempts
to legislatively resolve this sphere, unity has not yet been achieved in the activities of authorized bodies and in judicial practice. The gaps in legislation,
the lack of a clearly established system of legal regulation are the cause of numerous violations
of the rights and interests of equity holders.
This article explores the point of view of scientists on the essence and legal belonging of the contract. Based on the analysis of identified problems,
the author offers the ways of improvement of
legislation in this area. The study of problems of state regulation of shared construction of apartment buildings and identify the factors affecting
the change in economic and legal situation in terms of relations between citizens and construction companies, allows to solve the housing problem
in the country. Therefore, the paper considers a set of problems, generated by the legislation in the part of regulating shared construction.
METHODS OF SECURING THE RIGHTS OF THE CUSTOMER UNDER CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS
UDC: 346.3:69
Section: LAW
Authors: Oleg I. Lashmanov ;
The article is devoted to ways of ensuring the rights of the customer under construction contracts.
Contractual relations in the sphere of construction are aimed at regulating the relationship between
the participants in the investment and construction project. As a security for the performance of
the contract, special measures are applied that
encourage the parties involved to fulfill their
obligations. These special measures are called ways of securing obligations and give rise to certain
encumbrances for the debtor. Most of the methods of provisioning have an additional character
with respect to the secured obligation. The current legislation provides for the enforcement of obliga-tions in such ways as forfeit, pledge, retention
of the debtor's property, surety, bank guarantee, deposit and other methods provided for by law or by contract (clause 1 of article 329 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). This list of ways of providing is open, and the parties can apply their own relationship design, aimed at securing obliga-tions, suitable for a particular case. The security
of obligations must be formalized in writing or in
a contract, an additional agreement. The provision of the customer's rights under construction
contracts has its own peculiarities, which are
considered in this article. What ways of ensuring the rights of the customer are in construction
contracts? What ways of ensuring the rights of the customer are in the shared construction contracts?