VESTNIK 2(18) 2019
- Title:
- VESTNIK 2(18) 2019
- Number:
- 2
- Year:
- 2019
- Date publication on the site:
- 2019-08-21 17:01:29
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 12
A NEW CONCEPT OF THE HUSSITE MOVEMENT IN THE MEDIEVAL CZECH КINGDOM IN L. P. LAPTEVAʼS HISTORIOGRAPHICAL WORKS OF THE LATE 1980S–1990S
UDC: 94(437)»14»
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Ilya I. , , Moscow, buchanov78@mail.ru Buchanov;
State University, L.P. Laptevа (1926–2016), devoted to various aspects of the Hussite movement, which were published at
the turn period of modern Russian history: in the late 1980s – 1990s. The author analyzes a new (at that time) concept of
the Hussite movement in the medieval Czech Kingdom, which L. P. Lapteva tried to popularize in the USSR (and then in
Russia) and considers the strengths and weaknesses of this interpretation of the Hussite movement in Russian historical
literature. The first generation of Czechoslovak Marxist historians of the 1950s – early 1960s considered the Hussite
movement an “early bourgeois revolution”. But in the mid 1960s this assessment of the movement was revised, and by (“intra-feudal revolution”). Historians of Czechoslovakia attributed both the Hussite movement and the Peasant War in Germany
in 1525 to intra-feudal revolutions. L.P. Lapteva noted that, from the point of view of Czechoslovak historians, both of
these phenomena were the predecessors of bourgeois revolutions. She also noted the disadvantages of this new concept
of the Hussite movement. L.P. Lapteva drew attention to the fact that Czechoslovak historians could not give a precise
definition of the term “revolution”, which they considered as the opposite of evolution, that is, as a leap in the development
of society. In her opinion, Czechoslovak historiography did not develop a clear definition of the initial stage of the
Hussite movement, the starting point of which dated back to 1399–1400. The author of the article supports and argues L. P. Lapteva’s concept with additional historical facts.
ISRAEL AND IRAN IN SLOVAKIA’S FOREIGN POLICY
UDC: 327
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Ivo Hopta;
This article analyzes the role and place of the State of Israel and the Islamic Republic of Iran in the foreign policy
of the Slovak Republic. The author focuses on the political and economic aspects. Within the framework
of the political dimension, the current state of bilateral Slovak-Israeli and Slovak-Iranian relations is determined.
In addition, the foreign policy positions of the Slovak Republic on topical issues and problems directly relating
to the State of Israel and the Islamic Republic of Iran, including the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the status of
Jerusalem, the Iranian nuclear program, etc., are considered. In the framework of the economic dimension, the
current state of trade and economic relations of Slovakia with Iran and Israel is studied in detail. Foreign trade
(including export, import and their commodity structure), which is an important element of development, and at
the same time an indicator of the level of bilateral economic relations of the Slovak Republic with the above
states, is considered in detail. The article also identifies promising areas of mutual Slovak-Israeli and Slovak-
Iranian cooperation. The analysis is based not only on important documents and sources of the central state
authorities of Slovakia, first of all, the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic,
the Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic, Slovak diplomatic missions in the State of Israel and the
Islamic Republic of Iran, but also on the quotes of its high political representatives.
BORDER CITY OF BREST IN THE INTERWAR YEARS
UDC: 07.00.03
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Luciána Hoptová;
The city of Brest, which celebrates its 1000th anniversary this year, during its historical development witnessed a
number of events that had a direct impact not only on the history of Belarus, but of the whole world. This city at
different times bore different names – Berestye, Brest, Brest-Litovsk, and others. This was mainly due to the fact
that the city in the process of its historical development was an integral part of various state units. Poland can be
attributed to one of such states. In February 1919, the Polish government established power in the city of Brest-
Litovsk. However, the city became part of Poland only after the signing of the Riga Peace Treaty in March 1921.
Since 1923, the city had the official name of Brest-on-the-Bug (Polish – Brześć nad Bugiem). The power of Poland
in the city remained until the beginning of the Second World War, i.e. until September 1939. After the Red
Army liberated the territory of Western Belarus, the city of Brest, as well as other Belarusian cities and municipalities
that were previously controlled by Poland, became part of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. The
purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the development of the city in the so-called Polish period
(1919–1939). The analysis carried out is based primarily on documents and materials from the State Archive of
the Brest Region, which were published in 2009. The publication contains 187 documents and materials relating
to the development of the city of Brest in 1919–1939.
MILAN RASTISLAV ŠTEFÁNIK: ON THE WAY TO CZECH AND SLOVAK STATE
UDC: 929(437)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Boris V. Kolesnikov;
Introduction. This article reveals the scale of the personality of Milan Rastislav Stefanik a scientist, a military
man, a diplomat, a politician, one of the founders of the Czechoslovak State, assesses his activities in the development
of the national movement of Czechs and Slovaks. Purpose: to reveal a contribution of M. R. Stefanik’s
activity in creation of the Czechoslovak state. Materials and methods. The research is based on several types of
sources: governmental and administrative documents, official diplomatic documentation, materials of public organization,
memoirs, epistolary sources and photos. Results, discussion. Different stages of M. R. Stefanik’s life, such as his
study, membership in some Slovak youth organizations, acquaintance with T.G. Masaryk and his ideas, military pilot
service during World War I, diplomatic missions to Russia, Italy, the USA and Romania, are examined in detail.
His contribution to the process of formation of military units from prisoners of war and colonists in Europe and
the USA is also considered. It’s revealed that in Russia M. R. Stefanik managed to overcome the crisis in relations
between the Czech and Slovak communities, achieved their mutual understanding and gain their loyalty to
the course of the Czechoslovak National Council. The article traces how various kinds of M. R. Stefanik’s activities
influenced the creation of Czechoslovakia. His scientific work was closely connected with the fulfillment of
government tasks, diplomatic success helped to attract attention of high political circles to the national problems of
Czechs and Slovaks. The First World War became a stage of decisive actions for the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire and the liberation of Czechs and Slovaks from oppression. Conclusion. The result of the military diplomatic
missions of M. R. Stefanik to Russia, Italy, Romania and the USA was the creation of Czechoslovak legions as the basis
of the Czechoslovak army. The author of the article shows that thanks to the actions of the diplomat and the Minister
of War, M. R. Stefanik, the state of Czechs and Slovaks received international recognition.
ACTIVITIES OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE MARI STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER N. K. KRUPSKAYA N. P. VENTSENOSTSEV
UDC: 929:378(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Aleksey G. Oshaev;
The article discusses the activities of a well-known figure in the education of the Mari ASSR N. P. Ventsenostsev,
who in 1943–1946 was a Director of the Mari State Pedagogical Institute named after N. K. Krupskaya. In the
complex and difficult stage of Institute development, he made a great contribution to the training of teachers for the
Republic, the restoration of the University after the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the Nazi
invaders. The paper identifies the main milestones in the biography of a prominent teacher, and emphasizes the
period when he held the position of Director, taking care of the needs of the Institute both in economic and scientific-
educational sphere. Good deeds are not forgotten. In the mirror of history, they are reflected after many
decades. N. P. Ventsenostsev began to work as the Director of the Mari State Pedagogical Institute named after
N. K. Krupskaya in Kozmodemyansk. It was a time in the life of the Institute, when it was forced to evacuate from
Yoshkar-Ola due to the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War. Material, educational base was strongly weakened and
continued to deteriorate. Still, there were not enough training areas, offices. Great difficulties the Institute experienced
with fuel, with electric lighting, with educational literature. The financial situation of teachers and students was also
difficult. Despite the difficulties of wartime requirements for students did not decrease. Students used every opportunity
to get solid and in-depth knowledge at the Institute. N. P. Ventsenostsev paid a lot of attention to subsidiary plot, all
this required a lot of effort from the director. To solve many issues related to the activities of the Institute, the Director
often had to go on business trips. The organization of assistance to the front and the national economy of the Mari
ASSR required considerable effort. All the main tasks in wartime conditions, the Institute staff under the leadership of
N. P. Ventsenostsev were performed. After the war it was necessary to solve new problems. The first post-war year
was a very difficult stage in Nikolay Petrovich’s career. In the summer of 1945 the Institute was re-evacuated from
Kozmodemyansk to Yoshkar-Ola. Only re-evacuation itself was extremely difficult. N. P. Ventsenostsev, a prominent figure in the education of the Mari ASSR, heading the Mari State Pedagogical Institute named after N. K. Krupskaya
in 1943–1946, made a great contribution to the development of the University during the Great Patriotic War, the
organization of re-evacuation of the Institute from Kozmodemyansk to Yoshkar-Ola.
PETR LEONTYEVICH KLEMENTYEV: AN EXAMPLE OF SELFLESS SERVICE TO THE LIBRARY PROFESSION (FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY)
UDC: 02
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Tatyana A. Petrova;
The biography of this or that character, the analysis of the author’s concepts give characteristic of the person from the
position of morality, cultural development, relationship with society. At the same time the experience of saving
the memory of the figures of the library and information cycle is taken into account, therefore, for our research, the
name of Petr Leontyevich Klementyev (31.10.1903–05.11.1949), a professional who worked for 10 years in the Republican
scientific library (Yoshkar-Ola) from 1939 to 1949, was taken. His name was forgotten for decades. But in
2018 it was 115years since his birth, and we considered it necessary to recall this person. The personalities who made
history were at all times among all nations. Library history is written by the work and deeds of employees, who
are characterized by high creative activity, creative search, and interest in the development of a common cause.
Strictly speaking, Petr Leontyevich Klementyev had all these qualities. In order to study the proposed topic, we
considered it necessary to turn to one of the methods of modern humanitarian science – hermeneutics. In addition,
methods of frontal selection of information, a comparative analysis of archival and published documents,
a cross-examination of documents, a comparative-historical method and a cause-and-effect analysis were used. We studied written sources – official, narrative, personal. From public documents resolutions, orders, reports,
protocols, official correspondence were studied. Among private documents autobiographies and memoirs were
used. It should be said, that there were few documents, we had to collect information bit by bit, to generalize it,
to analyze. Archival documents since 1801 (158 cases from 18 funds), funds of People's Commissariat of Education
of the MASSR, of the MASSR Republican Scientific Library, of the Executive Committee of the City Soviet
of People’s Deputies of Yoshkar-Ola, of Presidium of the Supreme Council of the MASSR, the personal record
of P. L. Klementyev, materials of Republican newspapers of that period (8), the published sources (25), materials
of regional archives (21), evidence of descendants were carefully studied. Beyond that consultations with experts
were held, business trips to Zvenigovo, Oktyabrsky, Shelanger, Krasnogorsky were undertaken. The genealogic
tree of the Klementyev family (since the end of XVIII century till present days) was made.
WILHELM KUBITSCHEK – AN AUSTRIAN SCHOLAR OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
UDC: 930(092)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Tomáš Klokner;
The paper provides a brief biography of the Austrian professor Wilhelm Kubitschek (1858–1936), whose scientific
interests in the field of ancient history were extremely diverse. Most of his work was devoted to the field of
numismatics, though he also dealt in studies of ancient chronology, geography, economic history and Greek and
Roman epigraphy. He is, therefore, rightly considered to be one of the last Austrian polymaths. He left a strong
imprint in the studies of antiquity which we should not forget about even more than 80 years after his death.
FORMATION AND REFORMATION OF THE LEGISLATION ON MUNICIPAL PROPERTY PRIVATIZATION
UDC: 347.23
Section: LAW
Authors: Lyubov E. Bagaeva; Zarina K. Kondratenko;
Introduction. At the end of the last century, a previously unknown mechanism for the sale of state and municipal
property – privatization – was introduced into Russian civilian circulation. The privatization process that has been
going on for thirty years continues to this day, in connection with which the topic under investigation does not lose
its relevance. The purpose of the study is to identify the actual legal problems of privatization as a special way
of managing municipal property. Materials and Methods. The theoretical basis of this article is the scientific work of Z. K. Kondratenko, S. V. Novikova, N. P. Sedova, I. V. Smirnova, L. N. Sheremetyeva and others.
The regulatory framework of the study consists of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees
of the President of the Russian Federation and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, as
well as regulatory acts of local governments governing privatization legal relations. General scientific methods
of cognition are used in the work: analytical, dialectical, logical, historical, as well as special scientific methods:
system-structural, formal-legal, interpretation of legal norms. Results of the research, discussion. The article
analyzes the stages of development of relations of privatization in the Russian Federation and the formation of
the legal framework governing these relations from the end of the last century to the present. The inconsistency
of some approaches to the definition of privatization is justified; Signs of privatization legal relations, including
the privatization of municipal property, are systematized. The presence of flaws in the norms of the Russian privatization
legislation, the complexity of the application of the rules in practice necessitate the improvement of civil law
regulation of privatization processes, legal support for the protection of interests of privatization subjects of
municipal property. Conclusion. The authors conclude that it is necessary to systematize legislation regulating
the legal relations of privatization of state and municipal property, bringing privatization norms into a single regulatory
act that takes into account the peculiarities of privatization of various objects of public ownership.
NEGATORY ACTION IN RUSSIAN CIVIL LAW
UDC: 347.23
Section: LAW
Authors: Zarina K. Kondratenko; Dmitry S. Polushin;
Introduction: Russian science and legislation do not pay serious attention to issues related to the negatory
action. Therefore, there is a need to consider these issues, taking into account the latest achievements of civil
science and the positions of modern judicial practice. Purpose: consideration of the structure of a negatory action,
as one of the main ways to protect property rights, search for problems related to the legislative regulation
of this structure, as well as ways to solve them. Materials and methods: The methodological basis of this study
consists of general (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and special (historical, systemic, comparative)
research methods. Results of the research, discussion: Negatory action, appearing in Roman law, was widely
used in the Roman-Germanic legal systems. The subject of negatory protection is the owner or another person
who owns the property on the basis provided by law or contract. The respondent in a negatory action is a person
who creates a subject of obstacles to the effectuation of right of ownership, not related to deprivation of possession.
The subject of a negatory action is a substantive action for elimination of violations that are not deprivation
of possession, or actions that create a real threat of the occurrence of such a violation. The negatory action in
Russian law is not subject to limitation of action. This is due to the fact that violations that are not related to deprivation
of property are of a continuing nature. The structure of a negatory action is enshrined in the legislation
of many foreign countries. The structure of a negatory action used in the Russian civil legislation is imperfect
and does not meet modern scientific achievements in the field of civil law, as well as the provisions of judicial
practice. Therefore, authors propose to make appropriate changes in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
CONSTITUTIONAL JUDICIAL REVIEW OF MUNICIPAL LEGAL ACTS
UDC: 342.55
Section: LAW
Authors: Tatiana N. Mikheeva; Anastasiya Yu. Stepanova;
In the Russian Federation, there are regulatory legal acts of the federal, regional and local levels. For the functioning of
a single legal space, the observance and protection of the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen, the state represented
by the competent authorities carries out control over the regulatory legal acts of each level. Local government,
as the level of public authority closest to the population, is obliged to observe and take into account the provisions of
both federal and regional legislation in the process of municipal lawmaking. For this purpose, the competent state authorities
exercise control over municipal legal acts. The aim of the research is to study and analyze the judicial practice
of regional constitutional justice bodies in the field of municipal legal acts. The following research objectives were
set: to characterize the circle of subjects of public authority authorized to exercise control over municipal legal acts;
to determine the position of the constitutional (statutory) courts of the subjects of Russia among the subjects of
control over municipal lawmaking; to analyze the decisions of the bodies of constitutional justice made in respect
of municipal legal acts; to develop proposals for improving municipal lawmaking. In the process of research, the
following methods of cognition were used: the formal legal method, analysis, synthesis. It is found out, that the
norm control on an ongoing basis is carried out by several state bodies, while the judicial bodies do not exercise periodic
control over municipal legal acts. The resolutions of the regional constitutional justice bodies issued in connection
with legal uncertainty as to whether various municipal legal acts comply with the Basic Laws of the subjects of the
Russian Federation are given. It is revealed that the presence of a regional constitutional justice body has a positive effect on municipal lawmaking, since the legal sense of the provisions of municipal legal acts established by
constitutional (statutory) courts of regions allows maintaining and developing a single legal space.
CERTAIN ISSUES OF TRAINING COSTS REIMBURSEMENT UPON TERMINATION OF THE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT
UDC: 349.2
Section: LAW
Authors: Olga L. Shabalina; Sergey Yu. Tselishchev;
Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of certain issues arising in resolving cases on training
costs reimbursement upon termination of the employment contract on the initiative of a citizen having an obligation
to work a certain period after graduation. The purpose of the research is to form a comprehensive scientific
understanding of right application in the considered legal relationships on the basis of the existing positions’
analysis. Materials and methods. The research is based on the studying of labor legislation of the Russian Federation,
laws and regulations governing the issues of service in the federal departments. Much attention is paid to
the analysis of the legal positions of the courts. The research methods are general scientific and private scientific,
including formal logical methods (analysis, synthesis). Results. Legal positions and the legislative proposal allowing
observing balance of interests of a public subject and a public servant are formulated. Conclusion. The offered
changes should reflect the position on the inadmissibility of fixing in the employment contract or training
agreement the sum of the returned funds spent on training in an amount exceeding established by labor legislation
based on the principle of proportionality. Besides, the monetary allowance received by a citizen during the
period of training in departmental educational institution is not subject to recover upon early termination of an
employment contract regardless of contract terms.
EVENTS AND EVERYDAY LIFE OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES IN THE PHOTO OBJECTIVES OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
UDC:
Section: CHRONICLE
Authors: Galina V. Rokina;
In the spring of 2019, at the Faculty of History and Philology of the Mari State University, as part of the project “Historical memory factor in the education and development of the European Union”, a photo contest “My Europe” dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Jean Monnet Programme was announced.