Vestnik 4 (20) 2019
- Title:
- Vestnik 4 (20) 2019
- Number:
- 4
- Year:
- 2019
- Date publication on the site:
- 2020-02-03 14:00:00
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 13
THE IMAGE OF SINGAPORE ABROAD: FORMATION MECHANISMS, ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE
UDC: 339.9(592.3)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Andrey Yu. Bykov; Kirill D. Solntsev;
The authors presented their own point of view on the regulation of the formation and functioning of the image of Singapore
in the international arena as of a global trade, financial, logistics and technology hub, a “safe haven” for foreign
companies and a prestigious place of work for professionals. The image is formed as a result of purposeful, systematic
activities of responsible state agencies, which operate in many ways similar to the departments of large business corporations.
Aside from creation of a positive brand, mechanisms of information flow control are used, including the “muffling”
of some topics in the international media. The positive image of Singapore makes a significant contribution to
the economic development of the country and the welfare of its citizens.
СOUNCIL OF MINISTERS OF THE СHUVASH ASSR (1946–1991) “IN THE MIRROR” OF NATIONAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
UDC: 323.329:631(470.344)«1946/1991»
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Vasily A. Gvozdev;
Introduction. The article analizes the issue of coverage in the domestic regional historiography of the history of
the Council of Ministers of the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The article defines the main
range of scientific works and educational manuals, which touched upon the history of the establishment and activity
of the autonomy government, and describes the place of the Council of Ministers in the system of State
bodies of Chuvashia. Purpose: to determine the degree of knowledge in the regional historiography of the history
of the Council of Ministers of the Chuvash ASSR as the supreme executive authority of the Republic and to
set new tasks in the study of this authority. Materials and methods. The main source of evidence for the study
was the general and special works of scientists and statesmen of Chuvashia, in which the history of the Council
of Ministers of the Chuvash ASSR was affected to some extent. The study was conducted in accordance with
modern methods and principles of historical research (historical-typological, historical-genetic and historicalcomparative
methods, principles of historism, objectivity and systematicity). Results, discussion. The constitutional
status of the Council of Ministers of the Chuvash ASSR was defined mainly in textbooks for higher education
institutions, and this issue was hardly touched upon in the scientific literature. Most often, the activities of
the Government of Chuvashia were viewed through the prizm of the decisions adopted by it together with the
Chuvash regional party committee and, as a rule, these activities were assessed positively. Conclusion. Based on
the results of the study, it was concluded that the history of the activities of the Council of Ministers of the Chuvash
ASSR has been studied very little to date, as well as the main aspects of the topic have been identified that require disclosure for the reconstruction of a copmlete picture of the place of the Council of Ministers in the life
of the republic.
THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE CULTURAL SPHERE IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC OF THE LATE XX – EARLY XXI CENTURY ACCORDING TO RESEARCHERS
UDC: 304.3:316.32(1.470.344)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Vladimir S. Ivanov;
The article studies the assessments of researchers on the formation and development of public administration
system of the cultural sphere in the Chuvash Republic at the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The historiography
of the problem is conditionally divided in the work into two chronological stages: from 1990 to 1999 and from
2000 to the present. The first period covers the last decade of the 20th century and is associated with political
transformations in the country, a number of reforms in the socio-economic sphere and the direct state building of
post-Soviet Russia. In this period of time, publications appear reflecting the formation and development of the
organizational structure in the field of culture, creative intelligentsia in the new conditions of life and activity of
the state and society. From 2000 to the present day, the second stage in the historiography of the problem is taking
shape, which can be characterized by a stormy interest in the country's cultural policy. The sphere of culture
begins to be viewed from different perspectives, from a different angle, including the multidisciplinary approach,
since it becomes the subject of research not only of cultural scientists and historians, but also political scientists
and sociologists. The author comes to the conclusion that in historiography there are no generalizing scientific
works that would cover the system of state administration of the cultural sphere in the territory of Chuvashia during
the indicated chronological period. Its study requires further reflection, taking into account the new conditions
of state reform and the involvement of relevant sources in the scientific circulatio.
EVERYDAY LIFE OF A PETTY BOURGEOIS WOMAN IN THE CITIESOF MARI REGION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
UDC: 39-055.2(470.343)"185"
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Sofiya E. Kostogryzova;
Introduction. In this paper, an attempt is made to consider the life of a petty bourgeoiswomanin the cities of the Mari
region-Kozmodemyansk and Tsarevokokshaisk. The purpose of the article is to consider the position of apettybourgeois
woman is in the family and society, in everyday life and professional activity. Materials and methods. In the
preparation of this work, a number of methods were used: general scientific methods - analysis and comparison, as
well as narrative methods of historical research. The use of these methods made it possible to explain the considered
facts, to reveal the essence of the studied processes and phenomena. The materials for this study are the requests, reports
and decisions of the Kozmodemyansk City magistrate on the abuse of women and the assertion of inheritance
rights, notes and memoirs of contemporaries, trade records contained in the funds of the State archive of the Republic
of Mari El, as well as notes and memoirs of contemporaries. Results and discussions. Based on archival and published
materials, it was possible to determine that the status of women in petty bourgeois families of the cities of the Mari region
was influenced by patriarchal traditions and remnants of the traditions of Domostroy. But the life, property and
dignity of women were protected by law. In addition, a large part of city society condemned the brutal beatings against
women. The data of property inventories held by the city headman during the investigation, and notes of contemporaries
allowed us touncover the question of such an element of life of a townswoman as clothes (dress, hatwear, jewelry).
On the basis of these sources it can be concluded that the fashion for different elements of the costume among
the petty bourgeoisiewas subject to change. Basisedon the data from the trade records, it is concluded that petty
bourgeois women is in the cities of the Mari region were involved in trade and craft activities.
THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF RECENT HISTORY OF THE SYRIAN-RUSSIAN MILITARY-POLITICAL BILATERAL RELATIONS (2000–2014)
UDC: 327.5607.00.02
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Sergei V. Kretinin; Esmail Khamida;
Relevance. Authors analyze the main vectors of Russian-Syrian relations in 2000 - 2014. The problems, analyzed
in the article, are relevant, because the Syrian conflict is not settled, and Russia has become one of its
forced participants. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the actual stage in the current history of relations
between Syria and Russia in the military and political spheres. Sources. The article is based on an analysis
of Arab, Syrian and Turkish sources. Methods. The authors used the methods of historical science to show the
dynamics of the development of political cooperation between Russia and Syria. Results. Analyzing relations between
countries, the authors come to several conclusions. Firstly, it is assumed that Russia has become Syria’s
main and most important political ally. The article shows that Russian policy towards the SAR was an integral
part of its Middle East strategy in general. Secondly, Russia played a leading role in stabilizing the situation in
Syria. In addition, it is assumed that relations between the Russian Federation and the Syrian Arab Republic are
of an equal nature. Thirdly, the authors analyze how Russia and Syria are developping military and political relations.
It is also shown that the role of the Russian Federation as a factor in the political unity and independence
of Syria in stabilization of domestic political situation in the Arab Republic will increase. Conclusions. In general,
the article shows that the period from 2000 to 2014 became an important stage in the history of bilateral relations
between the SAR and the Russian Federation in political and military cooperation. The authors believe
that these relations can be analyzed as an element of the international struggle against Islamic terrorism.
TO THE QUESTION OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE PARTY-STATE CONTROL BODIES OF THE CHUVASH ASSR IN THE MID-1930S: CAUSES AND IMPLEMENTATION
UDC: 94(470):35.078.169.84 «1935»
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Petr N. Matyushin; Mikhail Yu. Kharitonov;
The topic raised by the authors of the article is aimed at solving the question of how the control function was implemented
by the authorities in the Soviet state. Special attention is paid to the study of the activities of specialized
bodies in this area, which seems very relevant and allows us to solve the most important issues in the history
of the modern Russian state and society. The purpose of the article is to study the causes and to implement
changes that have occurred with the party-state control of the Chuvash ASSR after taken in 1934 at the XVII
Congress of the CPSU (b) decisions on organizational measures to strengthen the party-Soviet control, on the basis
of which, the entire system of organs of the RCU was abolished and replaced by new organizations. The basis
of the study was a vast array of published sources and documents archives, previously unpublished. The authors
conclude that being a product of the Soviet political system, party-state control developed and changed along
with it and its other elements, reflecting the features and main stages of socio-political development. The system of party-state control, which had developed in the first decade of Soviet power, gradually degenerated into an element
of the bureaucratic apparatus. The article considers the activities of the control centers created instead of
the Central Committee-RCT, focusing on the activities of the party control Commission under the Central Committee
of the party. The authors assess the reasons for the transformation of the control bodies in the mid-1930s.
The authors state that the control bodies in their work increasingly shifted from solving small personal cases to
large political issues throughout the Republican Party Organization. It is noted that the years of the Great Terror
were also a period of great upheavals and trials for the CCP, and in the period of 1935 – 1939 the CCP functional
was reformed in parallel with the expansion of the functions of other repressive bodies. One of the important circumstances
was that the subsequent reorganization of the network of control agencies already took place according
to non-public political principles. The article concludes that the liquidation of the CCP-RCI and the creation
of new bodies in its place had an evolutionary character, which is directly related to the change in the directions
of domestic and foreign policy of the Soviet state.
THE MYTHOLOGY OF THE UNDERWORLD AT THE END OF THE MIDDLE AGES: A POETIC IMAGE AND VISUAL FORMS OF THE RENAISSANCE
UDC: 327.56
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Yuliya S. Obidina;
The article is devoted to the interpretation of the concept of Hell in Renaissance Italy. The sources of the article
are Dante’s “Inferno” and illustrations for the text of the “Divine Comedy” by Florentine artists Sandro Botticelli,
Giovanni Stradano and Federico Zuccaro. The emphasis is on Dante’s “Inferno”, which, undoubtedly, became
the main background for creating the concept of the underworld in the European mentality. The purpose of the
article is to show that it was Dante’s literary description of Hell and its embodiment in the image of Renaissance
artists that led to the creation of a new European eschatological mythology, which is far from always based on
the canonical ideas of the Christian church. It is shown that it was Dante who inspired the Renaissance artists to
create colorful paintings of the Last Judgment – Giotto's paintings in the chapel of the Arena in Padua, Signorelli
in the Orviet Cathedral, Michelangelo in the Sistine Chapel in Rome. Using the methods of comparative studies,
the role of illustrations for Dante’s “Divine Comedy” in the visualization of images of the underworld is analyzed.
A comparison of the drawings by Botticelli, Stradano and Zuccaro with the text of Dante’s poem shows
that the poet and artists not only interpreted the tradition, but also responded to the challenges of the time. As a
result of the study it is noted that in the Italian Renaissance, the appearance of the Dante poem led to
a paradoxical phenomenon: on the one hand, Inferno expanded the sense of witchcraft and individual curse; on
the other hand, Purgatorio and Paradiso offered forgiveness and salvation to humanity. It is concluded that Dante’s
literary description of Hell and its artistic expression by Renaissance artists led to the creation of a new European
eschatological mythology.
PROBLEMS OF CREDIT AND FINANCIAL POLICY OF THE NEP PERIOD IN THE MARI AUTONOMY REGION
UDC: 94(470)“1921/1929”:631.1
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Olga N. Sutyrina;
Introduction. The article is the first to publish the topic of implementation of credit and financial policy of the
1920s in the Mari region. The main problems are identified in the implementation of monetary reform, the creation of
the banking system, lending, and the formation of the local budget. Purpose. To study the features of the implementation
of credit and financial policy in the Mari Autonomous Region. Materials and methods. The work is based on previously
unpublished materials of the State archive of the Republic of Mari El (SA RME) and the former party archive
of the Mari regional Committee of the CPSU: protocols of party conferences, information letters of the regional Committee
of the RCP(b) – CPSU (b), OGPU, cantonal party and economic leaders, complaints of peasants. The methodological
basis of the work was the principles of dialectics and historicism, objectivity and consistency of scientific analysis.
Special historical methods were used: comparative-historical, problem-chronological, elements of statistical data
processing. Results, discussion. For the Mari region of the 1920s, where the standard of living of the population was
lower than in the neighboring regions, the problems of overcoming the subsidized nature of the economy and creating
a deficit-free budget, the implementation of social guarantees were acute. Credit and financial policy was very controversial:
being designed to streamline the economic relationship between the city and the country, to stabilize the ruble,
it was not provided with local budget revenues. Taxes were only a small part of the budget. The main income was provided
by the forest industry and state subsidies. Conclusion. Financial dependence of the Mari region on the center is a feature of the economic system of the 1920s. Monetary reform, with all its shortcomings, played an important role
in the ordering economic life. Inter-district relations began to be restored and strengthened. A branch of the USSR
State Bank was created in the Mari region for the first time. However, the planned price regulation and dependence on
non-regional investments turned initially somewhat independent credit and financial policy of the region into the exact
implementation of the center’s directives.
ON THE ISSUE OF STAFFING OF THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY
UDC: 304.3:316.32(1.470.344)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Mikhail N. Uryasov;
The article studies the issue of staffing of the vocational education system of the Chuvash Republic at the beginning
of the 21st century on the basis of statistical materials, regulatory framework, and research literature.
The work analyzes the provision of higher and secondary professional organizations of the region with scientific
and pedagogical personnel. Special attention is paid to the issue of stimulating and involving young people in research
and educational work. Statistical data on the number of organizations of higher and secondary vocational
education, the number and degree of degree of the teaching staff in higher education, the network of institutions
of secondary vocational education system under the Ministry of Education of the Chuvash Republic are revealed.
The participation and main results of Chuvashia in the WorldSkills Russia movement are determined. It is concluded
that in the early 2000s and in the 2010s conditions have been created for the formation of the personnel
potential of the vocational education system of the Chuvash Republic. Internships and continuing education programs
help to increase the existing knowledge of the leading teachers of the vocational education system, which
makes it possible to train new generation specialists.
СONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN OF THE МARI ASSR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
UDC: 94(47).084.8-055.2
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Alina B. Filonova;
Introduction. The Great Patriotic War was a serious ordeal for the Soviet Union. It demanded that the country
and its rear regions unite all forces and available resources to fight against the fascist invaders. Of particular importance
for the Soviet economy as a whole and the Mari ASSR in particular was industry. This article discusses
the work of the female population of the Mari ASSR in industry during the Great Patriotic War. Purpose: to find
out what contribution the female population of the Mari Republic made to the development of industrial production
during the war years. Materials and methods. The work used a wide range of scientific literature and paperwork,
allowing to fully characterize the activities of women of the Mari ASSR in the main industries of the
republic. The article used general scientific methods (analysis, comparison, description) and special historical
(historical-comparative, historical-genetic). Results, discussion. Of decisive importance for the Soviet Union in
the fight against Germany was the economy. With the outbreak of World War II, serious problems were outlined
in all sectors of the country's economy, including the Mari ASSR. First of all, they concerned labor force shortage.
In the industrial production of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, as well as throughout the
country, the problem of lack of personnel was solved, first of all, by the wide involvement of the female population
in it. Women worked at all the existing enterprises of the Mari ASSR, which urgently produced military
products and provided the front with the necessary raw materials. The toilers entered into socialist competition, used new working methods, and in spite of difficult material conditions, fulfilled and exceeded the established
norms, and quickly mastered new men's specialties. The problem of a shortage of leading cadres was also addressed
through the promotion of the female population. Conclusion. Thus, during the years of the Great Patriotic
War, women of the Mari ASSR made a significant contribution to the development of all sectors of the republic's
industrial production.
REALIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF STATE-PRIVATE AND PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS
UDC: 347.23
Section: LAW
Authors: Natalia V. Guseva; Zarina K. Kondratenko;
Introduction. Today, one of the most promising areas of development of relations between the state, the municipality
of regions and entrepreneurship is private partnership. Hence, there is a need to analyze some of the approaches to the development of these relations. The purpose of the study is to identify urgent legal problems of publicprivate
and municipal-private partnerships as a special way to implement, develop, maintain relationships with
private business to improve the quality of services provided. Materials and Methods. The theoretical basis
of this article is the scientific works of Kondratenko Z.K., Irodova E.V., Lomovtsev O.A., Gerasimenko O.A.,
Abdulaev N.V., Teslenko I.B., Pankratov A.A. and others. The normative basis of the research is constituted by
the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation and
decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as legal acts of local governments governing private
partnerships. The work uses general scientific methods of cognition: analytical, dialectic, logical, historical,
as well as special scientific methods: system-structural, formal-legal, interpretation of legal norms. Results of
the research, discussion. The article analyzes the importance of private partnership for the Russian Federation,
based on the methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of projects approved by the Ministry of Economic
Development of Russia. With the significant implementation of public-private and municipal-private projects,
problematic points arise, for the resolution of which it is necessary to create a new systematic approach in order
to minimize big risks for entrepreneurship. Conclusion. The authors conclude that it is necessary to create favorable
conditions for entrepreneurs in implementing the basic principles of public-private or municipal-private partnership.
Such examples include the introduction of a special tax regime when concluding a concession agreement
between participants, as well as the construction of new insurance programs for market entities in the risk
insurance system during the implementation of project work.
EURASIAN INTEGRATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN AND BELARUSIAN LEGISLATION BY ACTS OF BODIES OF THE EAUE
UDC: 341.1/8
Section: LAW
Authors: Marina А. Mokoseeva; Anna S. Bakun;
Introduction. The economic integration of Russia and the Republic of Belarus continues to grow, the Common
Economic Space of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter - the EAEU) is being
formed. Now states can exercise the free movement of goods, services, capital and labor, uniform rules and principles
of competition have begun to operate. Relevant changes in the laws of states affect industries, agriculture,
transport, energy and the like. In this regard, the question of the effectiveness of this kind of foreign economic
interaction becomes relevant. The purpose of this study is to theoretically substantiate and propose a legal model
for improving the formats and levels of cooperation within the EAEU, aimed at deepening the transformation of
the national legislation of the EAEU member states in the economic sphere. Materials and methods. The acts of
the EAEU bodies, as well as doctrinal sources, were studied. The authors applied the general methods of scientific
knowledge (dialectic, inductive, deductive), as well as honest scientific methods (comparative and formal legal).
Research results, discussions. The scientific novelty of this article is that it is one of the first comprehensive studies of the transformation of modern Russian and Belarusian legislation by acts of bodies of the Eurasian
Economic Union in a comparative aspect. Conclusion. The authors of the article offer some recommendations
on the further development of integration processes within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. For
example, the development and adoption of the Model Labor Code, the EAEU Model Tax Code, the Model Law
on Budget Policy and the Budget Process, the EAEU Model Law on the implementation of ECE decisions at the
international level, the Agreement on General Principles of Currency Policy and currency regulation in the
EAEU, Agreement on the mutual recognition of documents on postgraduate education and much more.
THE MAIN METHODS FOR THE FORMATION OF PRACTICAL SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER LEGAL EDUCATION
UDC: 349
Section: LAW
Authors: Sergey E. Mikhailov;
Modern federal state educational standards in the field of higher legal education pay increased attention not only
to the high level of academic knowledge of future lawyers, but also to the professional skills that they must possess.
It is no secret that the future employer is more interested not in what the student knows, but in what he
knows how effectively he is able to solve the tasks assigned to him. In this regard, the question of how to ensure
the mastery of students by professional skills in the field of jurisprudence, and how to implement academic
knowledge on a practical plane, is particularly relevant. The curriculum of any law school provides for various
types of practices, and a special place is given to the practice of legal counseling (in other words, practice in a
legal clinic) - a special form of practice in which students learn not only to solve legal problems, but also how to
conduct interviews the client (the ability to listen, collect information of a legal nature) and provide legal assistance
possible in a particular life situation. In some educational institutions, students undergo the aforementioned
practice in the form of business games, trainings, in others - in the form of consulting specific citizens with a real
legal problem. The student's task is to learn to distinguish between the real and the proper in law, theoretical
forms of implementing legislation from practical, existing in reality. This article is devoted to the history of the
legal clinical movement in Russia, the forms of organization of the legal clinical training system at a legal university,
its role in the formation of the practical skills of a lawyer. Introduction: modern educational standards in
the system of higher legal education require universities to organize a special type of practice for students - legal
advice. Some universities have established legal clinics literally in recent years, and in some they have actually
been working for more than a decade. Among the second is the law faculty of Mari State University, in which
the legal clinic has been operating since 1997. Purpose: identify the basic methods for the formation of practical skills of students of law schools. Materials and methods: the main research methods are observation (the author
takes part in organizing the work of the legal clinic of Mari State University), comparative legal analysis
(expressed in comparing the mechanisms of legal consolidation and functioning of legal clinics in different
universities), historical (consists in studying the genesis of the legal clinical movement in Russia. Results,
discussion: in Russia, various models of legal clinics have developed and are successfully operating. Some
function in the form of trainings for students, while others focus on providing legal assistance to citizens in specific
life situations. Some of them are stationary, for example, they are located in the building of the educational
institution, others combine such work with trips to other settlements, social protection institutions and schools.
Conclusion: the study allows us to conclude that in the modern system of higher legal education there are effective
mechanisms that provide not only a high level of theoretical knowledge of bachelors and masters, but also
the consolidation at a high level of practical skills necessary to solve the problems that confront us.