VESTNIK 1(5) 2016
- Title:
- VESTNIK 1(5) 2016
- Number:
- 5
- Year:
- 2016
- Date publication on the site:
- 2016-05-30 11:52:31
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 18
FAMILY CUSTOMS AND RITUALS OF THE MARI PEOPLE IN THE STUDIES OF FOREIGN RESEARCHERS OF THE XVIITH–XVIIITH CENTURIES
UDC: УДК 39(=511.1)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Gennadij Nikolaevich Ajplatov ; Ivan Fedorovich Jaltaev ;
The article describes the customs and rituals of the Mari people associated with marriage, birth and naming of a child, as well as funeral and memorial rites described by German scientists A. Oleary, G. Miller and G. George. The objective of this work is to investigate the perception of the original culture of the Mari people by foreign scientists. Customs and rituals discussed in the article include the rites of the life cycle and are an important source for studying the history and spiritual culture of the people. Many of the messages and the facts described in the researches of the mentioned scientists are not found in other sources, and therefore they are of historical and cultural value. The foreign authors examine in detail the aspects of family life such as marriage, the customs of bride buying and kidnapping, and the other features of the Mari wedding. Unfortunately, these scientists’ researches are not error-free. For example, described custom of naming of a child is not entirely typical of the Mari people. Researches by German authors accurately reflect the funeral and memorial ceremonies, which are one of the most significant and enduring ethnic signs of the people. All these customs and rituals of the Mari people considered by foreign authors in comparison with other nations of the Volga region, where common and distinctive features are marked out. Studying of customs and traditions of the Mari people in the works of foreign scientists shows that its sources and features are connected with a peculiar economic and cultural way of life, and also with the general course of history and cultural development of the peoples of the Middle Volga.
MUSTAFA FROM MOVIES (the first mari film actor Iyvan Kyrlja)
UDC: УДК 791.44.071.2
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Ruslan Arkad'evich Bushkov ;
The article is devoted to the first Mari film actor and poet Kirill Ivanovich Ivanov (Iyvan Kyrlja). His work became the property of the Soviet, Russian and world culture. Iyvan Kyrlja played the role of Mustafa in the first Soviet sound film “Road to Life” by the director N. V. Ekk. The movie is included in the UNESCO list of the best films of all time. During the distribution in the West, the film was named after the main character Mustafa. It involved the
appearance of the Tartar character in world cinema. The article discusses the assessment of the work of the actor Iyvan Kyrlja by Tatar creative intelligentsia, friendship with poet Musa Jalil, who wrote the cycle of poems “Moabit Notebook” in the anti-fascist underground in German captivity and posthumously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union.
PEASANT UPRISING IN 1921 IN THE TERRITORY OF CHUVASHIA
UDC: УДК 940.5(470.344)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Denis Andreevich Drandrov ;
This article discusses the relationship between power and society at the end of the civil war, which appeared in Chuvashia as “Chapa” uprising in 1921. Many questions about the reasons, participants, course and consequences of this peasant uprising remain controversial to date. The article aims to study the historical experience of solving social and political problems in the transition from civil war to peaceful construction. Socio-economic and ethnic problems of this period are analyzed comprehensively, using new historical sources. The article describes the difficult situation of transition to peaceful economic activities in the rural areas of Chuvashia, conflicts between peasants and the Soviet authorities incurred in collecting of seed grain in the face of a looming drought in 1921. It is proved that the distrust of the peasants to the organs of Soviet power, accumulated during the years of civil war, was the cause of the armed uprising of some parishes of the Chuvash Autonomous Region against the Communist intervention in the economic life of the peasants. The bloody events of the period of transition from war to the NEP, described in the article reveal the great potential of social protest that could complicate the creative processes in the country, and is an instructive lesson in favor of the evolutionary development of society, the need to consolidate civil peace and accord in the country.
COLLECTIVE FARMS IN THE VILLAGE OF MARI AUTONOMOUS OBLAST IN 1920
UDC: УДК 908
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Alexey Ananyevich Ivanov ; Anatolii Andreevich Solovev ;
The article, based on the first time introduced into scientific circulation of archival and published sources, synchronous and retrospective documentary publications, discusses the organization and functioning of agricultural production
cooperation in the village of the Mari Autonomous Region in the new economic policy. The study identified the main species (communes, cooperatives, associations for the cultivation of the land), the specific features of the composition and activities of the first collective farms of national autonomy, their potential production capacity in the development
of the agricultural sector of the Mari region in the 20-ies of XX century and their position in the region's agricultural infrastructure. It was found that the viability of the ideas of industrial cooperation in the NEP period was under a quite reasonable economic basis. Taking advantage of large-scale socialized production found in the collective farms of the enormous potential of the quantitative and qualitative growth of rates of the agricultural sector of the country's national economic complex and its individual regions, led to an increase in living standards and working conditions of workers of the village, laid the real socio-economic base for the industrialization of agricultural production, which was bound to happen in the Soviet Union in line with global trends and the end result is in keeping with his public (national) interest.
FOREIGN STUDENTS IN RUSSIA SINCE LATE XIXTH CENTURY AND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
UDC: УДК 371.8(09)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Andrey Viktorovich Kazakov ;
The article is devoted to the history of the emergence of international students in Russia since the late XIXth century and the beginning of the Second World War. The first international students appeared in pre-revolutionary Russia
in the 1970s. Students from Bulgaria and the Balkan countries: Albania, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Serbia were invited to study in Russia as an aid to these friendly countries, suffering from the Turkish yoke. They received state scholarship, international students learnt for free. For political reasons the Bolshevik government authorities, which came to power after the October Revolution, continued the practice of teaching the citizens of Turkey, Persia, Afghanistan, and Mongolia free of charge. Most of the students from the East were taught in the Soviet Union at the Communist University of the Toilers of the East or KUTV – a specially created international university, teaching students of more than
73 nationalities from 1921 to 1938. In 1928 in Moscow the Sun Yat-sen University appeared. 500 citizens of Mongolia studied in the Soviet Union from 1930 to 1940. In 1920s students from Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan and other countries studied in Moscow and in other cities of the Soviet Union. In early XX century the number of foreigners reached 10 % of the total number of students in the leading universities of Europe. In the USA at the turn of the century in 1904 2673 foreign students from 74 countries were enrolled in US institutions of higher education. In 1912 the number of students increased to 5,000, there were about 8,500 foreign students in 1920–1921. In contrast to Europe and the USA
in 1930s until the mid XX century the number of foreign students, Ph. D. students, trainees in universities of the Soviet
Union has decreased due to the closed nature of Soviet society.
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE WORLD OF THE DEAD AND THE WORLD OF THE LIVING IN ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN TRADITIONS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
UDC: УДК 03.09.23
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Yuliya Sergeevna Obidina ;
The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the poems “The Iliad” and “Odyssey” by Homer and the poem “Aeneid” by Virgil. The task is to show the relationship of the world of the living and the dead in the two traditions – Greek and Roman, drawing on ancient Greek and Roman texts. For the Greeks, the period under review is the middle of the VIII century. BC, the Romans – I century AD. It is shown that the poems by Homer and Virgil were fixed tradition on different levels of consciousness – Homer had an impact primarily on folk beliefs, Virgil – the intellectual elite of the time of Augustus Principate. At the same time, it is the Homeric conception of the afterlife there were the basis of the philosophical concepts of the posthumous fate of the soul, in particular, the Orphic, the Pythagoreans and Plato, that is, were the basis of the following religious teachings about the soul. It is emphasized that Virgil was interested in bringing the Greek experience in the Roman realities, but at the same time pursued, are political rather than cultural purposes. The main conclusion is that Homer builds a representation of the next world are largely influenced by the religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks, and Virgil, in his turn, does not rely on traditional Roman religion. Casts doubt on the idea of the continuity of Greek ideas about the afterlife of the ancient Romans, it was more a question of common Indo-European roots. In any case, and the poems by Homer and Virgil had a major influence on the development of European phi-losophy in relation to the world of the dead and the concept of the afterlife.
AMERICAN RELIEF ADMINISTRATION (ARA) ACTIVITIES IN TSARITSYN PROVINCE AND ADJACENT AREAS IN TIMES OF FAMINE 1921–1923
UDC: УДК 94(47).084.5
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Viktor Aleksandrovich Pogromskiy ;
The article describes the main activities of the American Relief Administration (ARA) in the territory of Tsaritsyn province and adjacent areas, logged in zoning American Relief Administration under the name Tsaritsyn area ARA
in the 1921–1923. The activities of the ARA in the Tsaritsyn area focused on the creation of a broad network of nutritional claims, even in quite separated villages. ARA thought the main challenges in its region: help starving children, the provision of medical care, the fight against pandemic diseases, vaccination of the population against contagious diseases, improving hygiene. This work was accompanied by difficulties: the destruction of infrastructure, disruption after the civil war, shortage of qualified personnel in Soviet Russia, the Soviet government hostility to representatives of the US total spy activities, and many other factors. However, despite this, we can confidently assert that the
assistance of the American Relief Administration in Tsaritsyn province was significant due to the ARA was saved hundreds of thousands of children and adults who managed to curb the epidemic, the foundations were laid for
a successful sowing campaign.
ROLE OF LECTURING PROPAGANDA IN MARI VILLAGE CULTURAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD
UDC: УДК 008(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Vladimir Ivanovich Rybalka ;
The article analyzes the poorly studied aspects of the activity of cultural and educational institutions of Mari village in the postwar years. The focus is on new forms of lecture propaganda and strengthen rural lecture groups, bringing to their activities wide asset of professionals and researchers, lectures in some areas of the republic by pace-makers of arable farming, animal husbandry and by chairmen of consolidated farms. The experience of the Volga District House of Culture deserves special attention. Best milkmaids, foremen field team, chairmen of collective farms were there to lecture. The article deals with the improvement of lecture propaganda on the example of the Akhmylovsky country club of the Gornomariysky district where weekly were 1–2 lectures, conversations with farmers, movies, and various public events. Lecturing Association included in its work plan other kinds of knowledge propaganda: readers' conferences, collective reading of newspapers and magazines in the homes and in the fields, conversations, evenings of questions and answers. The main focus in the organization of reading teaching and mass lectures was focused on their connection with the life and practice. Particular attention is paid to the intelligentsia, which played a crucial role in the dissemination of cultural property in the village of Mari. Advocacy, lecturing, educational role of the rural
intelligentsia has been invaluable in terms of remoteness of rural settlements of regional cultural centers. Since 1948, on the initiative of the rural intelligentsia and progressive farmers, new form of lecture propaganda began to be
applied universally – rural lecture. Intellectuals of district centers, leaders of agriculture took part in the lectures.
CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLE OF ANTITRUST REGULATION OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
UDC: УДК 347.2/.3
Section: LAW
Authors: Julija Sergeevna Verzun ;
The article reveals the constitutional principle of antimonopoly regulation in the Russian economy. Over time economic legislation is becoming increasingly complex, detailed and deeply researched. It is characterized by constant development and dynamism. However, it is based on immutable constitutional principles. The Constitution enshrined economic principles, which establish the constitutional basis of legal regulation of the economy. Among them is the principle of anti-monopoly regulation of the economy, acting as a basis of the free exercise of the right to engage in economic activities. It is evident that this right may be limited in the extent that it may interfere with the exercise of similar rights of other citizens. Therefore, the state must ensure the support and protection of competition, thereby, to contribute to the development of the economy, the free exercise of constitutional rights of citizens, strengthening the foundations of the constitutional system.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION OF CRIMINAL LAW RETROACTIVITY IN THE POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES
UDC: УДК 343.213.5
Section: LAW
Authors: Farit Vadutovich Gabdrahmanov ;
The article analyzes the features of the constitutional and legal regulation of retroactive application of criminal law in the post-Soviet countries. The study revealed similarities and differences in the approaches of the legislator in the regulation of this essential principle. The studies used comparative legal and formal legal methods. It is established that the principle of retroactivity of the criminal law as one of the fundamental principles of the legal state has been restated in various forms in the constitutions of all the former Soviet republics, formerly part of the Soviet Union on the rights of the Union republics. Depending on the content of the law retroactive, the article proposed to classify the constitution of post-Soviet countries into three groups. The first group consists of the Constitutions, which expressly provided for the retroactive effect of softer laws (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Estonia). The second group includes the Constitutions, which recognizes the primacy of generally recognized norms of international law and the application of retroactive criminal laws derived from the ratified international agreements (Latvia, Lithuania, Uzbekistan). The third group includes the Constitutions, which does not explicitly refers to the action of a soft laws, but prohibits the use of deteriorating or a heavier penalty than the one that was applicable at the time of the crime (Moldova, Turkmenistan). It is revealed that the Constitution of post-Soviet countries do not make the application of retroactivity of criminal law a criminal record, although criminal codes of most States distribute retroactive effect of the criminal law to persons who committed relevant acts before the entry of this law into force, including persons serving sentences or having served sentences but have criminal record. This rule of criminal laws, the author's opinion, is contrary to the constitutional legal content of the retroactivity of criminal law.
INVALIDATION OF PURCHASES MADE IN VIOLATION OF THE LAW
UDC: УДК 346.5
Section: LAW
Authors: Anastasia Valer'evna Kamaeva ;
The article highlights the legal grounds for invalidation of purchases made in violation of the law on the contract system. The purchases are made in the form of trades, which are one of the most difficult but effective ways of concluding a mutually beneficial agreement. The demand of trading due to their competitive character which allows, thanks to the involvement of a wide range of potential contractors to choose the optimal from an economic point of view the proposal.
Inherent in this way of conclusion of the contract the competition contributes to the determination of most advantageous to both sides of the deal. Currently, there is a steady increase in the number of court disputes related to invalidation of the contracts concluded by results of public procurement, and the implementation of relevant property claims of the parties. Often, claims about recognition of the prisoner at the bidding of a contract void the deal based on any formal inconsistency of the bidding law on the contract system, imposed by unscrupulous persons for the purpose of evasion from performance of obligations under such contract and avoid liability. Recognition of procurement as invalid may adversely affect the interests of persons not parties concluded their contract, and have a negative impact on stability of civil turnover as a whole. The author analyzes the civil and administrative consequences of invalidation of bidding conducted for the purpose of placing orders for state and municipal needs. Weak theoretical development and insufficient legislative regulation of the issues of invalidity of prisoners according to the results of procurement procedures contracts
necessitates in-depth study of emerging issues and formulation of scientifically based practical recommendations.
TO THE ISSUE ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF A SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT IN MODERN CIVIL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA
UDC: УДК 347.9
Section: LAW
Authors: Roman Vladimirovich Kropotov ;
The article deals with issues related to the lack in modern procedural legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular in the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, of the notion of a settlement agreement. Currently, very close attention is paid to the study of settlement agreement in the scientific researches. Its essence, and the legal nature is different, the origins of these studies begin in Roman law. Russian legal science has been studying for a long time the problems of legal regulation of the settlement agreement as a legal institution. Various theoretical and practical aspects of the settlement agreement were discussed by Russian scientists of the second half of the XIXth – beg. of the XX centuries: Vaskovsky E. V., Holmsten A. H., Gomolitsky S. B., Gorodysky J. K., Gulyaev A. M., Popov B. V., Putsillo P. P.,
Skarabahaty P., Shershenevich, Yablochkov T. M., as well as modern lawyers: Abolonin G. O., Kuznetsov S. A., Vinogradova E. A., Gros L., Guka¬syan R. E., Dadonov S., Demyanenko F., Dmitrieva G. K., Zaitsev A. I., Zinchenko A. I., Moiseev S. V., Muradyan E. M., Chekmareva A. V., Jasenovec I. A. At present, the role of the settlement agreement
significantly increased due to the growth in popularity of alternative means of resolving legal conflicts, introduction of
proceedings of conciliation procedures, settlement agreements entry in the enforcement proceedings. At the same time,
the question of the legal nature of a settlement agreement in the domestic legal doctrine still applies to the discussion. In modern procedural legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular in the Code of Civil Procedure of the Russian Federation, there is no definition of the concept expressed by the settlement agreement. The purpose of this article is to develop the notion of a settlement agreement as of the Institute of civil procedural law of Russia, the disclosure of its main features required for anchoring in the procedural legislation of the Russian Federation.
SUBSTITUTION OF UNSERVED PART OF PUNISHMENT BY MILDER TYPE OF PUNISHMENT
UDC: УДК 343.2
Section: LAW
Authors: Sergey Anatol'evich Matveev ; Ruslan Vyacheslavovich Makarov ;
The purpose of the article is a critical analysis of theoretical positions that characterize the institution of substitution
of unserved part of punishment by milder type of punishment that promotes a more accurate definition of the legal nature and identification features of said institution. There is no consensus and understanding in the legal literature, of what is essentially substitution of unserved part of punishment by milder type of punishment, so this article is intended to partially make consistency in his understanding. Based on the results obtained in the application of scientific methods of synthesis and analysis it is established that the court is not always demonstrates uniformity in the application of the institution of
substitution of unserved part of punishment by milder type of punishment. Unfortunately, in the Criminal Code there is no concrete definition of what should be the behavior of the convicted person, it does not specify how you want to install
the proper degree of facial corrections or factual circumstances of his solid formation on the path of correction, it does not specify criteria or grounds. Drawbacks must be overcome by improving the functioning of the institution substitution
of unserved part of punishment by milder type of punishment. It concludes that the legal nature of the substitution of
unserved part of punishment by milder type of punishment, in our opinion, is to stimulate and promote the convict, who stood on the path of correction. Consequently, the substitution of unserved part of punishment by milder type of punishment cannot be regarded as a form of exemption from punishment, as it is essentially a kind of substitution of imprisonment with a milder punishment stimulating and encouraging the person in respect of which this substitution is carried out in order
to help him get back on the path of correction. We assume that the institution substitution of unserved part of punishment
by milder type of punishment fully meets not only the objectives of penal policy, but also social and economic realities and the demand in the coming decades will only increase.
LEGAL REGULATION OF PUBLIC CONTROL IN THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UDC: УДК 342.55
Section: LAW
Authors: Tat'yana Nikolaevna Mikheeva ;
The issue raised in the article is urgent in view of the formation of legal framework of public control in the Russian Federation and the adoption of the Federal Law "On the basis of social control in the Russian Federation". The aim of the study is the possibility of legal regulation of the institute of public control by the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Research methodology includes both general scientific and special legal methods. Classic methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, analogy, are used in the research. The initial methods of studying the foundations of public control are systematic-structural and formal-legal methods. This set of methods has allowed analyzing the federal legislation in terms of public control. As a result, the obvious problems in terms of legal regulation at the federal level were identified. In some points, as regards subject composition of public control, for example, it was established the absence of some of the most
potentially active groups that can participate in public control measures. It would be possible to resolve these issues by the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation, but federal law does not leave the possibility, for regional legislators in their own regulations, to go beyond the federal regulations. Thus, the scientific novelty of the study was the introduction of
proposals to expand the subjects of public control by civil society organizations, the empowerment of the subjects of the Russian Federation in functions for additional legal regulation, and the introduction of other proposals containing elements of novelty. The practical significance of the proposed amendments is that public control as a modern dynamic institution will receive additional legal resources to accelerate its introduction to the public relationship. Thus, civil society institutions will become increasingly important to monitor the activities of government.
CONSTITUTIONAL INSTITUTION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT THROUGH THE PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICITY
UDC: УДК 352
Section: LAW
Authors: Denis Stepanovich Mikheev ;
The purpose of the study is legal analysis of the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, regulating
the institution of local self-government, and their further development in the federal, state and municipal legal acts. At the same time one of the objectives is to identify and to study the relationship between regulations and the key principle of local self-government – publicity. The study used a system of general scientific and special methods of legal knowledge: analysis, synthesis, comparative legal, formal legal approaches. General scientific method of analysis was used in the evaluation of the content of the legal rules governing the local government. Formal legal method
allowed to make suggestions in the article to supplement the existing array of legal acts with practical recommendations. The study analyzed and assessed the most important articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, describing the local government as the basis of the constitutional order, as a form of democracy, as the right of the population to independent decision of local issues. The study revealed the absence in the Constitution a very important norm that citizens have the right to local self-government. It is also established that the Constitution does not contain any
indication of the openness and publicity of activities to address local issues. It is found that the essential feature of the right of citizens to local self-government is municipal relationship with the public, duty of the authorities to inform the local community about their work. The principle of transparency of local government includes the concept of openness, publicity and awareness. To resolve the legal gap, the study suggested a change in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which, according to the author, would provide a more precise legal consolidation of local
government – one of the basic democratic institutions in the country. This constitutional innovation would not only contribute to the consolidation of the legal principle of publicity, but its implementation in legal practice.
PROBLEMS OF QUALIFICATION OF REPEATED THEFTS IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN CRIMINAL LAW
UDC: УДК 343.2
Section: LAW
Authors: Evgeniya Vyacheslavovna Prygunova ;
The article, from a historical point of view, analyzes the norms of the Criminal code, providing for liability for the theft of another's property on the basis of plurality. Before making changes to the Criminal Code in 2003, most authors believed that the multiplicity of crimes finds its expression in replicates (repeated) crimes, total and relapse. Generally accepted in science was that repeatedly in the assault on the property had all the signs of multiplicity. The legislator did not make a clear difference between repetition and recurrence. In this regard, there have been problems in the appointment of punishment for the commission of several crimes under the concept of repeated thefts. This situation of internal
contradictions of the criminal legislation adversely affects the quality of the criminal law as a whole, and it must be overcome. Ways to reform criminal legislation in relation to signs of repetition and recurrence, offered in science, were taken into account in the Federal Law of 8 December 2003 No. 162-FZ “On amendments and additions to the criminal code of the Russian Federation”. Thus, compared to the previous situation, which took place earlier, certain changes occurred regarding the achievement of fairness in sentencing for several crimes uniform.
ROLE OF CONSTITUTIONAL (CHARTER) COURTS OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UDC: УДК 342.565.2
Section: LAW
Authors: Elena Aleksandrovna Sidorova ;
In his article, the author reveals the importance of the constitutional (charter) courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation, describes their role in the judicial system of the Russian Federation. The article defines the regulations containing rules relating to the constitutional (charter) courts. The research reveals features that distinguish these courts from other courts. The article analyzes the statements of various authors, as well as the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Judicial System of the Russian Federation" and with this brings the competence of the constitutional (charter) courts, defines the principles by which the constitutional (charter) courts exercise their powers. The study also established a list of issues, which contain other powers of the constitutional (charter) courts of the Russian
Federation, do not affect the competence of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and other federal courts and the relevant competences of the subject of the Russian Federation. The article gives examples of judicial practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of 6 December 2003 on the case about the
interpretation of Part 2 of Article 97 of the Constitution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The study analyzes the definition of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Mari El on 16 August 2000 on the appointment of President of the Republic of Mari El election date simultaneously with the election of deputies of the National Assembly of the Republic of Mari El, which have been designated by the law of the republic. In accordance with the principle of
separation of powers at the level of the Russian Federation constitutional (charter) court of the Russian Federation is an independent constitutional (authorized) body of state power and handed down within its powers decisions are binding on all public authorities, public associations, officials, other natural and legal persons and shall be subject to strict execution in the entire territory of the Russian Federation.
LEGAL REGULATION OF THE SPHERE OF EDUCATION IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA
UDC: УДК 37(09):34
Section: LAW
Authors: Ol'ga Leonidovna SHabalina ; Gleb Jur'evich Shabalin ;
The article is devoted to analysis of legal regulation of the sphere of education in pre-revolutionary Russia. The study established the first signs of regulation of educational relations in the collection of decisions of the Council of a Hundred Chapters of 1551. The article analyzes the decrees of Peter I, establishes mandatory education for marriage. A parallel with modern rules of constitutional and civil law was held. The article explores the major legislative acts regulating the legal education of the second half of XVIII – early XIX centuries, from the point of view of the object of regulation, elaboration and legal technology. The study reflects the development of educational institutions in the system of the Russian Empire. The research found established strengthen mandatory education for civil servants, mitigation class character of education, of expansion of the network of educational institutions. The article deals with the reform of the education system, associated with the abolition of serfdom, and braking in the era of counter-reforms, including the strengthening of censorship in the field of education. It was analyzed the interrelation of social relations and the nature of legal regulation in the sphere of education.