VESTNIK 2(14) 2018
- Title:
- VESTNIK 2(14) 2018
- Number:
- 2
- Year:
- 2018
- Date publication on the site:
- 2018-09-04 10:19:54
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 12
ACCORDING TO VAVILOV’S SLOGAN
UDC: 94(470):631.5
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Ruslan A. Bushkov;
September 23, 2018 marks the 130th anniversary
of V. P. Mosolov, a prominent Russian scientist in the
field of plant growing and agriculture, the organizer of
the national agricultural science, the first academician
of the Mari. Entering into a great science and the
scientific activity of V. P. Mosolov turned out to be
connected with the name of N. I. Vavilov, the brilliant
scientist-biologist, the founder of modern studies of
the biological foundations of breeding and teaching
about the centers of origin of cultivated plants,
the first president of the All-Union Academy of
Agricultural Sciences named after V. I. Lenin
(AUAASNL). This is the world's largest scientific
organization on agriculture, forestry, water management
and food industry AUAASNL was established by the
resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of
the USSR on June 25, 1929. Thanks to the
irrepressible energy and initiative of N. I. Vavilov as
the president of AUAASNL, large scientific research
institutes, a network of agricultural experimental
stations and supporting points were established
throughout the country in the shortest time. The Kazan
Agricultural Experimental Station, organized in 1920,
began to develop again, with which, on the basis
of the connection between science and practice, built
his relations the head of the Department of General
Agriculture of the Kazan Institute of Agriculture and
Forestry Professor V. P. Mosolov. With his active
participation, a large research work on agricultural technology and cultivation of a number of crops was
developed here, which led the University scientist to
recognition in the scientific community: the approval
as the doctor of agricultural Sciences, the election
in 1935 as a full member, academician, and four years
later – the appointment as Vice-President of AUAASNL.
The article is devoted to the scientific and public
activities of Academician of AUAASNL V. P. Mosolov,
special attention is paid to his scientific cooperation
and relationships with N. I. Vavilov, Academician of
the USSR Academy of Sciences, initiator and organizer
of AUAASNL.
THE THEME OF CHILDHOOD IN THE FINE ARTS OF THE MARI REGION OF 1920–1930-IES
UDC: 7.036.1
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Elvira M. Kolcheva;
The article shows how the changes of ethno and
sociocultural paradigm of life of the Mari people
in the 1920s–1930s is represented through the theme
of childhood in the Mari fine arts of the early Soviet
period. The works of ethnographic realism of the
1920s, depict in detail the world of Mari traditional
culture in its everyday life, children are shown as
a natural part of this world. They are attached to
household works from 6–8 years of age, acquire
gender identity. The importance of women's activities
related to flax processing and embroidery is
emphasized. It is noteworthy that in the studied
works of art not only ethnographic details are given,
but characters and psychological situations are
created that allow you to feel the world of the child
as it is, regardless of the external cultural circumstances.
In the works of socialist realism in the
1930s, the theme of childhood is presented more
formally, in close connection with the ideological
objectives of the Soviet construction. Children are
usually shown as members of pioneer organizations,
emphasizing the importance of the cultural revolution,
combating illiteracy and gender inequality.
In painting and drawing, children now are thinking
like the future of the new society, its builders.
Considered in this article the works of fine art from
the collectiom of the National Museum of the Republic
of Mari El named after Timofey Evseevich Evseev
belong to the brush of the first artists of the Mari Region:
Elizaveta Dmitrievna Atlashkina (1879–1965),
Pavel Timofeevich Gorbuntsov (1894–1971),
and Kazan artists Pavel Alexandrovich Radimov
(1887–1967), Vasily Kirillovich Timofeev (1891–1968).
MATERIALS TO THE “NOTES” OF M. S. SABININA: MUSIC AND TIME
UDC: 930.2+785
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Anna S. Labazova;
This article is devoted to the presentation of new
materials related to the life of Marfa Stepanovna
Sabinina (1831–1892) – a significant figure in the
history of Russia. Marfa Stepanovna possessed many
talents, and devoted most of her life to the benefit of
the empire: from courteous service as a music teacher
of the children of Emperor Alexander II to the organization
of the Russian Red Cross Society and active
work at the front. The main source of Sabinina's biography
is the “Notes” by her, created in the late 80-ies
of the XIX century in the Crimea and published
in several issues of the journal “Russian archive”.
In 2017 at the St. Petersburg library named after
V. V. Mayakovsky in a rare fund of notes and books
two editions from the Sabinins’family archive, which
was considered to be lost, were found. The first collection
contains piano and chamber works by Clara
Schumann; the second-four notebooks of vocal
compositions by Marfa Stepanovna. On the title pages
are the marginals of the owners: Clara Schumann,
Marfa Sabinina and Sergei Bugoslavsky. Remarks,
indicating the belonging of notes to Marfa Stepanovna,
are the inscription and the seal “M. Sabinin”.
The dates, located on the title pages of the editions,
are correlated with the events of Sabinina's life, and
on this basis the discovered collections appeared to
be direct “participants”, which allow you to complete
the episodes of “Notes”. The article determines the
significance of the found publications for researchers –
both from the point of view of musicology, and
as part of studying the activities and works of Marfa
Stepanovna Sabinina.
ASPECTS OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE TERM “REGION”: POLITICAL AND HISTORICAL TRANSFORMATION
UDC: 323(44)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Margarita L. Lebedeva;
The purpose of the article is theoretical understanding
of the concept of “region” through the transformation
of its content, taking place in the process of historical
and political evolution. The theory is a reliable
knowledge that allows us to generalize, systematize,
reflect the essential content of the object of cognition,
expressing it in a conceptual-logical form.
The object of research is the territory of state entities,
called the “region”. The issues of the status of subnational
units (regions), the scope of competences of
such territorial entities, continue to be relevant and
in demand for the challenges of political change.
Analysis of Russian and foreign sources allows the
author to draw a conclusion about the ambivalence of
understanding this concept, and about the complexity
of a clear understanding of its content. The systemstructural
method, which regards political relations
as an integral system of interrelations between the
phenomena and events of the political process,
makes it possible to determine the basic essential
content of this object of investigation. Domestic
political science expands the significance of the
spatial aspect of the concept of “region”. The region
acts as an object (level) of political analysis. This is
an important focus of political identification. On the
basis of historical, cultural, sociological, state-legal and
economic-geographical approaches, the author comes
to the conclusion: being a subsystem of the state
structure, the region is a spatially and historically
organized community, the side of the vertical of
power that is a part of the state, allocated according
to certain criteria. The author pays special attention
to the criteria for singling out the main characteristics
of the term. In addition, an attempt has been made
to systematize the research available to date on
the topic of consideration. A comprehensive study of
the discussions on a number of definitions of the
political lexicon allowed the author to fill the concept
of “region” with a new essential content.
AT THE ORIGIN OF COGNITION: THE MYTH IN THE COGNITIVE HISTORY OF EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION
UDC: 94
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Yuliya S. Obidina;
The article considers mythological thinking as the
starting point for the development of the cognitive
potential of European civilization. The empirical
basis of the study is the ancient Greek mythological
consciousness, which is characterized by ambivalence
and equal attention to both rational and irrational
aspects of cognition, since the ancient Greek
culture recognized both dimensions of consciousness
and appreciated the balance between passion and
reason. It is noted that the mythological consciousness
is conceptualized in the form of narrative, which
allows to include in cognitive practices not only
perceptions about the past and the present, but also
about the future. It is proved that myth and narration
are a way to understand the world and are an early
stage of our cognitive evolution. In addition to the
fact that the myths gave the goal to the ancient mankind,
they gave mankind its first verbally formulated
awareness of the future. It is shown that myths
formed not only the basis of traditional religions, but
also laid the foundations for a mechanistic, rational
understanding of reality in Western cognitive practices.
It is concluded that the emergence of abstract
Greek philosophy clearly represents a new way of
thinking and a way of consciousness that appeared in
Western civilization.
F. F. PAVLENKOV AND DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN VYATKA LANDS
UDC: 37(09)(470.342)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Vladimir B. Pomelov;
The article deals with publishing, educational and
methodical activities of an outstanding publisher,
educator and teacher-methodologist of the XIX century
F. F. Pavlenkov. The introduction of the article
suggests that in recent decades the method of example
has largely lost its significance in the light of the
well-known socio-political events of the 1990-ies.
Meanwhile, each region has its own wonderful
country-men. The author believes that education on
the example of the life of prominent countrymen may
well become an important educational tool for the
younger generation. The relevance of the article is
due to the fact that currently the interest of young
people to their country's historical past is growing.
The article used the regional, axiological, historicalbiographical
methodological approaches and the
following research methods: descriptive, historical,
comparative and retrospective analysis. The informative
content of the article reveals the publishing, educational
and methodical activities of an outstanding
publisher, educator and teacher-methodist of the
XIX century F. F. Pavlenkov. The main directions of
his activities and business relations with progressive
thinkers of Russia are characterized. The article is
focused on the period of his exile in the provincial
city of Vyatka and in the county town of the Vyatka
province Jaransk. The role of F. F. Pavlenkov in the
publication of a series of collections under the title
“Vyatskaya Nezabudka” (“Vyatka Forget-me-not”)
and the release of a number of other useful books
is outlined. F. F. Pavlenkov was a founder of
the book series “The life of remarkable people”.
The main methodological works of F. F. Pavlenkov,
his contribution to the development of library
network in the Russian countryside are characterized.
In conclusion it is shown how his ideas are evolving
nowadays through the opening of new libraries
and the creation of the “Commonwealth of Pavlenkov
libraries” (on the example of the Kirov region).
STUDY OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR IN THE UNITED STATES IN RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY
UDC: 930.1:970
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Andrej. Tajgil'din;
Slavery in the United States is one of the most
debatable issues in domestic American studies. It had
a huge impact on all aspects of life in the United
States and was one of the causes of the Civil war
in 1861–1865. Echoes of this problem are still heard.
In the American studies in Russia, there are a huge
number of publications devoted to this issue.
The problem of slavery attracted attention even
before the revolution; the servile state of the black
population of the United States was compared with
the serfdom in Russia. In the Soviet years, the problem
of slavery was viewed through the prism of
Marxist-Leninist positions: the struggle for liberation
was seen as a class struggle and the Civil War in
America considered as a revolution: with the North
as a revolutionary force and the South as a counter –
revolutionary force. Modern Russian historiography
began to pay more attention to the economic, political
and social structure of the South; the mentality,
life, daily life of slaves and free blacks are studied.
The problem of slavery is no longer seen as the sole
cause of the Civil war. However, if the economic
benefits of plantation slavery for the South are
studied and don’t cause any doubt among the most
historians, the question of the extent of its influence
on political changes in the United States remains
open. There is no generalizing work on the problem
of slavery as a cause of the Civil war in Russian
historiography. The article focuses on the Soviet and
modern Russian historiography. An attempt is made
to trace the evolution of Russian historians’ views
on the role of slavery in the United States, the extent
of its influence on the Civil War, and the confrontation
between the North and the South. Historiography
in the article is given in chronological order.
THE PARTICIPATION OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN LAW-MAKING FOR HARMONIZATION OF LEGISLATION OF THE MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE EEU (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TRADE UNIONS)
UDC: 340.1
Section: LAW
Authors: Kseniya A. Lastochkina;
The article examines the possibilities of public
organizations (on the example of trade unions)
in the field of their participation in the process
of creating the rules of law. The participation of
public organizations in the process of creating laws
and regulations is aimed at effective representation
and protection of the rights and interests of citizens,
including through harmonization and unification
of legislation. For the Republic of Belarus at the
present stage, one of the relevant areas of
improvement of the regulatory framework is the
harmonization and unification of the legislation of
the member countries of the Eurasian Economic
Union. For modern man a special significance has
a sphere of work, allowing him not only to support
himself financially, but also to develop and realize
as a person. With this in mind, the author examines
the participation of such social organizations as trade
unions, in the process of creating laws and subordinate
regulations, regulating labor and related socioeconomic
rights and the legitimate human interests
for the purposes of harmonisation and unification
of labor legislation of the member countries of the
EEU. The article provides a comparative analysis of the rights of trade unions of the Republic of
Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of
Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian
Federation to participate in the creation of two types
of sources of law (in the formal sense): normative
treaties and regulations in the field of labor and
related socio-economic rights and legitimate human
interests. The author specifies the perspective
directions of improving the participation of trade
unions in the creation of such types of sources
of law as normative treaties and regulations. It is
proved that the improvement of the participation of
trade unions in the creation of sources of law is one
of the factors of harmonization of social and labor
legislation of the Republic of Armenia, the Republic
of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz
Republic and the Russian Federation, which is
especially necessary at the present stage in terms
of integration for the most effective protection of
labor and related socio-economic rights and legitimate
human interests.
STATE POLICY IN THE SPHERE OF PROTECTION OF MONUMENTS OF THE MARI TRADITIONAL RELIGION “KÜSOTO” (SACRED GROVES) LOCATED ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 351.853.2
Section: LAW
Authors: Anna G. Suhova;
The article deals with the regulatory issues and
the main problems in the field of preservation
of sacred groves located on the territory of the
Republic of Mari El. Sacred groves are unique
objects of cultural heritage associated with the cult
of the pagan deities of the Mari. Nowadays, ceremonies
are held on the territory of the Republic
of Mari El in order to ensure the well-being of the
people. The state of the sacred groves from year to
year is adversely affected by many anthropogenic
and environmental factors. State policy, in particular
the legislation in force, provides the regulatory
mechanisms necessary for the adoption of
measures for the preservation of cultural heritage,
including sacred groves. The aim of the work is to
consider the state policy in the sphere of protection
of cultural heritage objects on the example of the
monuments of the traditional Mari religion
“küsoto” – sacred groves preserved on the territory
of the Republic of Mari El. On the basis of published
materials and archival sources, the activities
of federal and regional authorities and the main
problems in the sphere of conservation of sacred
groves were analyzed. State policy was analyzed
in the field of preservation of cultural heritage
objects, in particular of sacred groves, regulatory
acts regulating this sphere on the territory of the
Republic of Mari El were also analyzed. The study
revealed that not all sacred groves located on the
territory of the Republic of Mari El resolved the
issue of status, not all groves are objects of cultural
heritage (monuments of history and culture) of
the peoples of the Russian Federation. There were
also identified gaps in the current legislation
in the field of preservation of sacred groves at the
municipal level.
FEATURES OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF EDUCATION IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA
UDC: 34.09
Section: LAW
Authors: Ol'ga L. Shabalina; Gleb Yu. Shabalin;
Introduction. The article covers the period from
the first half of the XIX century to the revolution of
1917, during which the legal relations in the field
of education were repeatedly reformed. Since the
innovations had a direct relationship with historical
events, the article traced the change in the nature
of the reforms. The purpose of the study is to form
a comprehensive scientific understanding of the
process of changing the legal regulation of educational
relations in the Russian law in the period
from the first half of the XIX century to the revolution
of 1917. Materials and methods. The study is
based on the consideration of normative legal acts
and their codification in the Russian pre-revolutionary
law and on the analysis of the existing
philosophical and legal views of contemporaries
of the considered epoch. Methods of the study
are general and specific scientific, including formal
and logical methods (hypothesis, analysis, synthesis,
deduction, induction). Historical, legal-technical, systemic
and other special methods of scientific cognition
are also used in the study. Results. The article
outlines the stages of the conservative education
reform of 1828–1835 from the creation of a special
departmental body for regulatory support to the
adoption of the University Charter of 1835.
The subject of regulation of normative legal acts
adopted in the sphere of education is considered.
Tightening of control and supervision over the
activity of educational organizations was revealed,
within the framework of which new posts were
created. The governing bodies of higher educational
institutions and the structure of universities were
studied, their competence was outlined. The changing
delineation of powers between management bodies
and control institutions is described, as well as changes
in the content of education. Attention is paid to
the unification of legal regulation in the field of
educational legal relations. It points to the liberalization
of the rule of law in educational legal relations in the 60s of the XIX century and reverse changes
at the end of the century. Conclusion. The study
noted the instability of the class nature of education,
gender component and accessibility to the
realization of the right to education. The applied
methods of legal technique are analyzed. Among
the applied methods of legal techniques, the introduction
of previously uncharacteristic dispositive
legal norms into the legal regulation of education
is revealed.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE TYPOLOGY OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
UDC: 34.09
Section: LAW
Authors: Gleb Yu. Shabalin; Ol'ga L. Shabalina;
Introduction. The article deals with the problem of
classifying organizations that carry out upbringing
and training, not related to education de-jure.
The purpose of the study is to form a comprehensive
scientific understanding of the practice of
applying the norms governing the activities of
educational organizations and the emergence of the
status of a pedagogical worker. Materials and
methods. The research is based on the study of the
educational and labor legislation of the Russian
Federation, as well as subordinate regulatory legal
acts regulating the status of educational organizations
and pedagogical workers. Central to the
article is the analysis of the positions of the highest
courts. Methods of the study are general and
specific scientific, including formal and logical
methods (hypothesis, analysis, synthesis, deduction,
induction). Legal-technical, systemic and
other special methods of scientific cognition are
also used in the study. Results. The assessment of
the emergence of the status of a pedagogical worker
depending on the place of the employer organization
in the system of educational organizations is
given. The authors analyze relevant jurisprudence.
Conclusion. The lack of a license to conduct
educational activities is not a violation, but it
prevents the pedagogical workers of such organization
from receiving labor benefits. The existence
of a license to conduct educational activities is
a qualifying sign when assigning a legal entity to
educational organizations.
ISSUES OF DETERMINING THE PROCEDURAL STATUS OF THE PERSON, WHO IS THE SUBJECT OF PROCEEDINGS FOR THE APPLICATION OF COMPULSORY MEASURES OF MEDICAL CHARACTER
UDC: 343.1
Section: LAW
Authors: Svetlana A. Yakovleva; Elena V. Medvedkova;
The criminal procedure law establishes the application
of compulsory measures of medical character
in relation to a person who commits a socially
dangerous act, prohibited by criminal law, in a state
of insanity, or in relation to a person who after the
commission of a crime has suffered a mental disorder,
that makes it impossible to impose punishment
or execute it (Article 433 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure of the Russian Federation (CCP of the RF).
The emergence of the procedural status of the
named person is connected with the transition of
the general criminal proceedings against the person
suspect, accused, defendant in the commission of
the crime, to its special orders. The authors believe
that the title of Chapter 51 of the CCP of the RF
“Proceedings for the application of compulsory
measures of medical character” does not correspond
to the content of its norms. This chapter
establishes the procedure for criminal proceedings,
not only in relation of persons referred to in Parts 1
and 2 of Art. 433 of CCP of the RF, whose mental
disorder is associated with a danger to them or
other persons or the possibility of causing them
significant harm, which makes it possible to apply
compulsory measures of medical character to them.
Chapter 51 of the CCP mentions a person who
commits a socially dangerous act prohibited by
criminal law in a state of insanity, but criminal
proceedings in this case must be terminated without
application of compulsory medical measures. A person
who commits a socially dangerous act prohibited
by criminal law in a state of insanity, having
separate rights of the suspect, accused, defendant,
has a special procedural status, he can not be
considered a subject of a crime, the presence of
a sign of his insanity excludes the crime and leads
to release from criminal liability. The authors
believe that compulsory measures of medical character should be appointed and applied to any person
who commits a socially dangerous act prohibited
by criminal law in a state of insanity to implement
the goals, established by the art. 98 of the Criminal
Code of the Russian Federation. The authors propose
to supplement Chapter 7 of the CCP of the RF
with Article 47. 2 with the name “The procedural status
of the person who is the subject of proceedings
for the application of compulsory measures of
medical character”.