VESTNIK 2(2)/2015
- Title:
- VESTNIK 2(2)/2015
- Number:
- 2
- Year:
- 2015
- Date publication on the site:
- 2015-09-17 14:37:24
- Full journal in PDF:
-
Content all 19
ON THE QUESTION OF MAMESHBIRDE VOLOSTS
UDC: 940.2
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Aleksandr Gennad'evich Bakhtin;
The article attempts to localize the volosts mentioned in Russian chronicles of the XVIth century and owned by Mari prince Mameshbirde, a rebel commander during Kazan Rebellion of 1552–1557. There are some assumptions about the location of other annalistic Mari volosts.
«TELEMAR» FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC RECONNAISSANCE
UDC: 771:940.55
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Ruslan Arkadevich Bushkov;
The article is devoted to the history of the creation and introduction of long-focus panoramic cameras "Telemar" and "Tahir", at the time the newest means of ground and aerial photographic reconnaissance of the Red Army. The work was carried out to create it in the Great Patriotic War in Yoshkar-Ola, under the leadership of the USSR Academy of Sciences S. Vavilov. The article discusses the contribution of evacuated to Yoshkar-Ola eminent scientists of the State Optical Institute to solving defense problems related to the development of new advanced optical devices for aviation, artillery, tanks and submarines. The article also describes putting them into production at the military optical enterprises evacuated in the Mari ASSR, subsequently cooperated in Mari Machine-building plant and laid the beginning of the release of the first domestic long-focus and high-aperture lens for military equipment, panoramic cameras, electron microscopes.
COSMOS AND CHAOS: THE REPRESENTATIVENESS OF THE CULT OF DIONYSUS IN EURIPIDES' TRAGEDY "THE BACCHAE"
UDC: 03.09.23
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Yuliya Sergeevna Obidina;
The article deals with the cult of Dionysus "еyewitness" – the Greek tragedian Euripides to show the representation of the cult in a separately taken text and the importance of the mystery practices for the community of citizens. The analysis of the tragedy of Euripides' «The Bacchae» shows that even eyewitnesses saw the cult from different perspectives – harmony and chaos, the mystical and the rational, public and private. The dichotomy of the cult symbolized the duality of position of the person within the polis collective and ambiguity roles of men and women in ancient society. The representativeness of the cult in the tragedy, which is the "mirror" of the political and social life of Ancient Greece, demonstrates the
importance of mysterial practice for the normal functioning of the policy and the harmonious distribution of social roles in it. The conclusion is that the Greeks managed to combine in the cult of Dionysus the idea of the unlimited human freedom with the concepts of the civil structure of the city-state organization.
MARI-HUNGARIAN COLLABORATION: THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN INFORMATION EXCHANGE (1971–1996)
UDC: 327(470.343+439)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Vladimir Ivanovich Rybalka;
The article describes the friendly relations between Mari Republic and Vas region, the creative meetings between Hungarian journalists and their colleagues from republican newspapers, radio broadcasting and television, use of various genres and forms in coverage of economic, scientific and cultural collaboration in mass media. Special attention is given to organization of theme TV programs devoted to the anniversaries and the memorable dates of Hungarian history.
THE ROLE OF HOUSEHOLD PLOT IN IMPROVEMENT OF THE MATERIAL CONDITION OF MARI PEASANTS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 1980-S
UDC: 334:947.084.8(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Vladimir Ivanovich Rybalka;
The article describes the increase of the number of household plots in rural areas, the growth of cow, pig, sheep, goat and poultry population in personal possession, selling of thoroughbred young animals, organization of goods and mixed fodder in high demand markets for collective farmers, building materials allocation. Special attention is given to the Mari Republican State Bank’s issued long-term loans on purchase of cattle.
STEFANO SOMMIER, RESEARCHER OF PEOPLES OF RUSSIA
UDC: 929 (Сомье С.)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Anatolii Andreevich Solov'ev;
The article is devoted to Stefano Sommier, a botanist and the outstanding figure of the Florentine school of social an-thropology. The article examines the role of S. Sommier in the ethnographic and anthropological research of peoples of Russia, and historiographical importance of his scientific heritage. Emphasis was placed on the anthropological research of the Mari people. Italian Stefano Sommier, better known as a botanist and an evolutionist in Europe, was one of the founders of the Florentine school of social anthropology, which studied not only Italian, but also Russian traditional cultures. The notes by S. Sommier about his journeys through Russia (Siberia, the Urals, Central Asia, the Crimea and the Caucasus) opened new regions and nations for European and Italian people. S. Sommier used various methods of studying (anthropological psychology, visual anthropology) he used the camera to his best advantage and created a new kind of shot - the anthropological photo. In Russia, it is known too little about this scientist and his works. Not long ago his papers began to republish and translate into Russian. Sommier, being a naturalist, was not limited in his research works only by flora and fauna, he thoroughly studied human, peoples and cultures.
COLLECTIVIZATION IN THE MARI AUTONOMOUS REGION: START OF "RADICAL TURN"
UDC: 947.084.2(470.343)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Ivan Fedorovich Yaltaev ;
The article based on archival sources and published studies deals with the policy of collectivization in the Mari Autonomous Region in the 1930-1931ss. At the end of 1929, the party leadership announced the transition to a policy of total
collectivization and the liquidation of the kulaks. This decision was made because there was a "radical turn" in Soviet agriculture. More precisely, many peasants began to join collective farms. Mari Autonomous Region Government made unreal plans for the collectivization of farms. So, it was decided to complete collectivization by the end of 1930. In the archival documents it is shown, that during the years of collectivization Party and Soviet workers used an administrative pressure on individual farmers. Thus, by the end of February, a significant number of regional farmers joined the collective farms. But actually, these farms turned out artificial. As a result of government decisions denouncing the administration, forced collectivization at the local level, and requiring the principles of voluntary in the organization of collective farms, most of collective farms of the region were wrecked. The Regional Government failed to achieve a breakthrough in the course of collectivization by the end of 1930. A new wave of involving peasants into collective farms took place in the spring and summer of 1931. It was also accompanied by the methods of pressure, dispossession and eviction of peasants. Mari farmers previously evicted only within the area began to be evicted out of the area. Thus, by the end of 1931, almost half of regional farmers joined the collective farms. Based on the documents, a conclusion is that economic coercion (taxes, dispossession) allowed local Party and Soviet workers to achieve a breakthrough in the course of collectivization in the Mari region in 1931.
AMERICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE POLITICAL BIOGRAPHY OF JAMES N. POLK
UDC: 930.1:929 (Полк Д.Н.)
Section: HISTORY
Authors: Andrei Andreevich Yarygin;
The article is devoted to the analysis of the most prominent studies of American historians, devoted to the presidency and the results of activity of the 11th U. S. President James K. Polk. The main research method is a comparative analysis of American historical schools from the second half of the XIX century to the beginning of the XXI century. The article deals with the basic stages of the development of American historiography of the presidency of James K. Polk at different periods of American history. Also, the works of its main representatives are given. The changing attitudes of American historians on the analysis of practical activities of one of the most significant presidents in U. S. history are evaluated. At the present stage the role and importance of the President Polk in American history is maintained at the government level. In his honor they issue postage stamps, commemorative coins. Some criticisms of public figures addressed the President Polk are not fundamental. Currently a significant number of American historians revive the tradition of the “consensus school in history” and review Polk as one of the most significant presidents in U. S. history who fulfilled all his election promises and completed the territorial formation of America as a transcontinental power.
RIGHT TO OPPOSITION
UDC: 342:328.1
Section: LAW
Authors: Valerii Borisovich Golubev ;
Problems of the relations between opposition and power had always taken place. The article attempts to analyze some aspects of interaction between political power and persons with opposition views retrospectively and at the present time.
FEATURES OF REALIZATION OF AUTHORITIES BY LAWYER IN CASES OF DAMAGES REPARATION
UDC: 347.965.43
Section: LAW
Authors: Viktor Nikolaevich Domanov ; Margarita Leonidovna Lebedeva ;
This article describes realization of authorities by lawyer to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the principal in disputes about damages reparation resulting from a traffic accident. Different kinds of authorities in keeping with different cases are shown in the article.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PERSONNEL ASPECTS OF MILITIA PRACTICES IN MARI ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
UDC: 351.74(470.343)"1941/1945"
Section: LAW
Authors: Vitaliy Alekseevich Ivanov;
The article substantiates the importance of organizational and personnel work of Mari militia during the Great Patriotic War. Based on the systematization of a large array of historical and legal material the author shows the main factors that determined the structure of the militia, reviews the efforts of its staff agencies of the Mari militia during the war
PUBLICITY IN THE FORMATION OF MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
UDC: 342.553
Section: LAW
Authors: Valentin Viktorovich Kudryavtsev ;
The formation in Russia of a democratic state requires mandatory practical implementation of the principle of openness, which is based on the maximum transparency of public law relations. This includes the process of forming local
governments. In this regard, the researchers turned to the experience of those European countries, which differ in long and firmly established municipal traditions. The article deals with a comparative analysis of different methods of election authorities in the municipalities of European States, which is carried out through the prism of transparency of formation of local authorities, as required properties of local self-government, taking into account the interests of local residents. The formation of local governments in legal systems of different States are considered in conjunction with economic, social, cultural, historical, political and other determinants that have an impact on the Institute for local self-government. The research compares the experience of Russia, which ratified the European Charter of local self-government, with the experience of other European countries in the formation of authorities in the municipalities. The work resulted
in the theoretical conclusions concerning the possibilities of use of the components of the European experience in terms
of transparency in the formation of local authorities in Russia. The author also makes practical recommendations
to improve the Russian legislation.
THE INSTITUTION OF MARRIAGE IN GERMANY: THE SPECIFICITY OF REGULATION
UDC: 347.62
Section: LAW
Authors: Margarita Leonidovna Lebedeva ;
Comparative legal analysis of the institutions of family relations between Russia and Germany allows to note that the German family law reflects the classical approaches of continental law system, to which belongs the right of Russia. The study of family law in Germany helps to understand the Russian legal institutions, their legal nature, to identify ways to overcome the problems associated with their operation. Family law is an important legal institution to protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.
MANDATORY WORK – NEW OR WELL-FORGOTTEN OLD?
UDC: 349.2
Section: LAW
Authors: Sergei Evgen'evich Mikhailov ;
In 2013, the amendments came into force to the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation, according to which they began to assign to administrative penalties such as mandatory work for certain administrative offenses. Work as a measure of responsibility for the offense is used for a long time in native practice,
including the field of the Institute of administrative responsibility. However, speaking about the current Administrative Code, such punishment was introduced only 11 years after its adoption. The author of this work attempts to understand, what mandatory work means for native law practice – a new administrative punishment or a kind of administrative coercive measures applied in the past. In this article the author presents a comparative analysis of the administrative penalty in the form of compulsory work with labor, enshrined in the Administrative Code of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, as well as mandatory and corrective labor measures of criminal responsibility.
ABOUT THE PRACTICE OF REGULATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PUBLICITY IN THE GERMAN STATES
UDC: 342.552
Section: LAW
Authors: Tat'yana Nikolaevna Mikheeva ; Denis Stepanovich Mikheev ;
The article examines the experience of legal regulation of the key principle of organizing the local authorities – publicity
in the legal acts of Germany. Research of the German experience has shown that existence of a legal basis for publicity enables the citizens to participate in decisions making of the municipal bodies, as well as directly make their own pro-posals for improving various spheres of their local life.
PUBLIC CONTROL AND TRANSPARENCY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
UDC: 342.553
Section: LAW
Authors: Denis Stepanovich Mikheev ; Igor' Gennad'evich Dudko ;
The aim of the work is the investigation of the mechanism of the principle of publicity at the municipal level.
The analysis of the elements of the principle shows that public control is one of the key directions in its realization. However, this social institution is not sufficiently studied. As a result of assessment of the modern state of public control,
the authors have elicited the specific character of its exercise at the municipal level. Legal algorithms were proposed.
DECISIONS OF THE ORGANS OF CONSTITUTIONAL JUSTICE AS A RULE OF LAW
UDC: 342.4:340.130.2
Section: LAW
Authors: Marina Aleksandrovna Mokoseeva ;
The tasks of research are: the selection of properties of the rules of law in the decisions of the organs of constitutional control; consolidation of decisions of the bodies of constitutional justice in relation to most important issues of the rule of law within Russian theory of constitutional law. The main methods of research are scientific methods, such as analysis method and comparison method, which allowed to identify similarities and differences between rules of law and the decisions of the constitutional justice, and to formulate specific theoretical and practical conclusions and
suggestions for further development of the Russian legal system. In this article the author reveals that the decisions of the constitutional (charter) courts include such elements of the legal norm, as a hypothesis and disposition, and even the sanction. The author comes to the conclusion that the rules of law contained in the decisions of the constitutional (charter) courts have some distinctions. They are interpretive in nature, may be found in different parts of the decisions of the constitutional justice, and act not only from the time of decision making, but also, in certain cases, cover the relations, which have arisen prior to their adoption. The author also proposes a number of amendments to the Federal Constitutional Law on the Constitutional Court.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS: LEGAL ASPECTS
UDC: 316:48
Section: LAW
Authors: Polina Sergeevna Starygina ;
In this article the author solves the problems of social conflicts management with the help of regulatory mechanisms.
The author touches upon the impact of legal norms on social conflict, its structure and dynamics. Exploring the problem of application of law in the resolution of conflicts, the author analyzes the real conflict in the context of this problem, highlights the possibilities of overcoming various conflicts and shows the prospects for the development of law as the basis for
a constructive resolution of social conflicts. The article presents the rationale for the crucial role of law as a universal
mechanism of social conflicts, analyzes alternative methods of conflict resolution. The article highlighted and practically justified the opportunities and prospects of application of the law within negotiation, mediation and arbitration. The question of application of legal norms in social conflict is debatable. By studying the problem of conflict resolution, the author analyzes the practical situation and presents opportunities to overcome social conflicts.
REGULATORY BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF PERSONNEL RESERVE OF MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL
UDC: 35.08(470.343)
Section: LAW
Authors: Svetlana Anatol'evna Utrosina ;
The article is devoted to the improvement of work with personnel as a factor of increasing municipal management’s efficiency. The forming of the new system of work with the personnel reserve and the main purpose of the formation of a personnel reserve of the municipal service are explained. Work on the creating of the normative and legal basis for the formation of personnel reserve at the municipal level is revealed to ensure the rule of law and observe normative and legal requirements and procedures in matters of personnel reserve in the Republic of Mari El. In the work the importance of introducing new technologies in the selection and assessment of personnel reserve, comprehensive and objective
assessment of professionalism, business and moral qualities of municipal employees in their selection of the reserve are emphasized.